महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-50, verse-57

किं तयोर्विप्रियं कृत्वा केशवार्जुनयोर्मृधे ।
सिंहवन्नदत प्रीताः शोककाल उपस्थिते ॥५७॥

57. kiṁ tayorvipriyaṁ kṛtvā keśavārjunayormṛdhe ,
siṁhavannadata prītāḥ śokakāla upasthite.

57. kim tayoḥ vipriyaṃ kṛtvā keśavārjunayoḥ mṛdhe
siṃhavat nadata prītāḥ śokakāle upasthite

57. kim keśavārjunayoḥ tayoḥ mṛdhe vipriyaṃ kṛtvā
prītāḥ siṃhavat nadata śokakāle upasthite

57. Having committed an unfriendly act against Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna in battle, why do you roar like lions, delighted, when the time of sorrow (for you) has arrived?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two

• विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant, hostile, hateful (act)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna

• मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

• सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

• नदत (nadata) - roar (you all)

• प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased, delighted

• शोककाले (śokakāle) - in the time of sorrow

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why

(indeclinable)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.

विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - unpleasant, hostile, hateful (act)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile, unfriendly; an unfriendly act.

vi (prefix) + priya (dear).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+priya)

• vi – apart, asunder, away; intensifier, negation
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or reversal.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of keśavārjuna

keśavārjuna - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna

Dvaṃdva compound.

Compound type : itaretara-dvaṃdva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Kṛṣṇa (epithet, 'having fine hair' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.

मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛdh

mṛdh - battle, fight, combat

From root mṛdh (to neglect, contend, fight).

Root: mṛdh (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -vat (like, as) from siṃha.

Note: Adverb modifying nadata.

नदत (nadata) - roar (you all)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of nad

Active imperative, 2nd person plural.

Root: nad (class 1)

प्रीताः (prītāḥ) - pleased, delighted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied, joyful.

Past Passive Participle

From root prī (to please, to gladden).

Root: prī (class 9)

शोककाले (śokakāle) - in the time of sorrow

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokakāla

śokakāla - time of sorrow, period of grief.

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śoka+kāla)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, arrived, near, standing by, occurred.

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)