महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-50, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्नहनि निर्वृत्ते घोरे प्राणभृतां क्षये ।
आदित्येऽस्तंगते श्रीमान्संध्याकाल उपस्थिते ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminnahani nirvṛtte ghore prāṇabhṛtāṁ kṣaye ,
āditye'staṁgate śrīmānsaṁdhyākāla upasthite.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tasmin ahani nirvvṛtte ghore prāṇabhṛtām
kṣaye āditye astamgate śrīmān sandhyā-kālaḥ upasthite

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tasmin ahani nirvvṛtte ghore prāṇabhṛtām
kṣaye āditye astamgate śrīmān sandhyā-kālaḥ upasthite

1. Sanjaya said: When that day, marked by a terrible slaughter of living beings, concluded, and the sun had set, the glorious twilight (sandhyākāla) period arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day, day

• निर्व्वृत्ते (nirvvṛtte) - ended, concluded, ceased

• घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful

• प्राणभृताम् (prāṇabhṛtām) - of living beings

• क्षये (kṣaye) - in the destruction, in the decay

• आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun, in the sun

• अस्तम्गते (astamgate) - set, having set

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid, prosperous

• सन्ध्या-कालः (sandhyā-kālaḥ) - twilight time, evening time

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ) form

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun stem

अहनि (ahani) - on the day, day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

निर्व्वृत्ते (nirvvṛtte) - ended, concluded, ceased

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of nirvvṛtta

nirvvṛtta - finished, concluded, ceased, completed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nis

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, frightful

प्राणभृताम् (prāṇabhṛtām) - of living beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇabhṛt

prāṇabhṛt - living being, creature, one who bears life

Compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and bhṛt (bearing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+bhṛt)

• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root an (to breathe) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, maintaining
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root bhṛ (to bear, carry)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

क्षये (kṣaye) - in the destruction, in the decay

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, loss, end

Derived from root kṣi (to destroy, perish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun, in the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi, a deity

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

अस्तम्गते (astamgate) - set, having set

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of astamgata

astamgata - gone to rest, set (of sun)

Past Passive Participle

Compound of astam (setting) and gata (gone)

Compound type : tatpurusha (astam+gata)

• astam – setting, disappearance
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, splendid, prosperous, beautiful

Possessive suffix -mat added to śrī (glory)

सन्ध्या-कालः (sandhyā-kālaḥ) - twilight time, evening time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhyā-kāla

sandhyā-kāla - twilight time, evening time

Tatpuruṣa compound of sandhyā (twilight) and kāla (time)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sandhyā+kāla)

• sandhyā – twilight, junction period (of day and night)
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix sam- and nominal suffix -yā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - having arrived, being present

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, arrived, standing near, ready

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction