महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-50, verse-39

यः पुरा बोध्यते सुप्तः सूतमागधबन्दिभिः ।
बोधयन्त्यद्य तं नूनं श्वापदा विकृतैः स्वरैः ॥३९॥

39. yaḥ purā bodhyate suptaḥ sūtamāgadhabandibhiḥ ,
bodhayantyadya taṁ nūnaṁ śvāpadā vikṛtaiḥ svaraiḥ.

39. yaḥ purā bodhyate suptaḥ sūtamāgadhabandibhiḥ
bodhayanti adya tam nūnam śvāpadāḥ vikṛtaiḥ svaraiḥ

39. yaḥ suptaḥ (san) purā sūtamāgadhabandibhiḥ bodhyate (sma),
adya nūnam śvāpadāḥ vikṛtaiḥ svaraiḥ tam bodhayanti.

39. He who was formerly awakened from sleep by charioteers, bards, and panegyrists, him today, wild beasts surely awaken with their distorted cries.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

• बोध्यते (bodhyate) - is awakened, is informed

• सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - sleeping, asleep

• सूतमागधबन्दिभिः (sūtamāgadhabandibhiḥ) - by charioteers, bards, and panegyrists

• बोधयन्ति (bodhayanti) - they awaken, they cause to know

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• तम् (tam) - referring to the deceased person (him, that (person))

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

• श्वापदाः (śvāpadāḥ) - wild beasts, carnivorous animals

• विकृतैः (vikṛtaiḥ) - with distorted, disfigured, hideous

• स्वरैः (svaraiḥ) - with sounds, with cries, with voices

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

बोध्यते (bodhyate) - is awakened, is informed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Passive

Root 'budh' (class 1, 4), here in passive stem 'bodhya'.

Root: budh (class 1)

सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - sleeping, asleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - sleeping, asleep, dormant

Past Passive Participle

From root 'svap' (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Describes 'yaḥ'.

सूतमागधबन्दिभिः (sūtamāgadhabandibhiḥ) - by charioteers, bards, and panegyrists

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sūtamāgadhabandin

sūtamāgadhabandin - charioteers, bards, and panegyrists (collectively)

Dvandva compound listing these three types of court officials.

Compound type : dvandva (sūta+māgadha+bandin)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• māgadha – bard, genealogist (from Magadha)
  noun (masculine)
• bandin – panegyrist, praiser, poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

बोधयन्ति (bodhayanti) - they awaken, they cause to know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Active (Causative)

Causative stem 'bodhaya' from root 'budh'.

Root: budh (class 1)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - referring to the deceased person (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

श्वापदाः (śvāpadāḥ) - wild beasts, carnivorous animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvāpada

śvāpada - wild animal, carnivorous animal, beast of prey

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+pad)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'bodhayanti'.

विकृतैः (vikṛtaiḥ) - with distorted, disfigured, hideous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikṛta

vikṛta - distorted, disfigured, altered, hideous, unnatural

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with prefix 'vi' (denoting deviation).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्वरैः (svaraiḥ) - with sounds, with cries, with voices

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svara

svara - sound, voice, cry, tone

From root 'svṛ' (to sound).

Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of awakening.