महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-50, verse-38

शयानं समुपासन्ति यं पुरा परमस्त्रियः ।
तमद्य विप्रविद्धाङ्गमुपासन्त्यशिवाः शिवाः ॥३८॥

38. śayānaṁ samupāsanti yaṁ purā paramastriyaḥ ,
tamadya vipraviddhāṅgamupāsantyaśivāḥ śivāḥ.

38. śayānam samupāsanti yam purā paramastriyaḥ
tam adya vipraviddhāṅgam upāsanti aśivāḥ śivāḥ

38. yam (puruṣam) purā paramastriyaḥ śayānam samupāsanti (sma),
tam vipraviddhāṅgam (puruṣam) adya aśivāḥ śivāḥ upāsanti.

38. Whom noble ladies formerly attended while he was resting, him today, whose body is torn apart, inauspicious jackals attend.

Words meanings summery:

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping, resting

• समुपासन्ति (samupāsanti) - they attend, they serve, they worship

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

• परमस्त्रियः (paramastriyaḥ) - noble ladies, excellent women

• तम् (tam) - referring to the deceased person (him, that (person))

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• विप्रविद्धाङ्गम् (vipraviddhāṅgam) - whose limbs are scattered/pierced, whose body is torn apart

• उपासन्ति (upāsanti) - they attend, they sit near

• अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (given the context of a torn body) (jackals, female jackals, auspicious ones)

Words meanings and morphology

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, sleeping, resting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying, sleeping, resting

Present Active Participle

From root 'śī' (to lie down), with agentive suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: śī (class 2)

समुपासन्ति (samupāsanti) - they attend, they serve, they worship

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of samupā-ās

Present Active

Root 'ās' with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

परमस्त्रियः (paramastriyaḥ) - noble ladies, excellent women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paramastrī

paramastrī - excellent woman, noble lady

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+strī)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)

तम् (tam) - referring to the deceased person (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yam'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

विप्रविद्धाङ्गम् (vipraviddhāṅgam) - whose limbs are scattered/pierced, whose body is torn apart

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipraviddhāṅga

vipraviddhāṅga - whose body is torn apart, whose limbs are scattered/pierced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+pra+viddha+aṅga)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  upasarga
• pra – forth, forward, intense
  upasarga
• viddha – pierced, struck, hit, wounded, scattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vyadh' (to pierce, strike).
  Root: vyadh (class 4)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

उपासन्ति (upāsanti) - they attend, they sit near

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of upa-ās

Present Active

Root 'ās' with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

अशिवाः (aśivāḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aśivā

aśivā - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

Negative prefix 'a' + 'śiva' (auspicious).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent
  adjective (masculine)

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (given the context of a torn body) (jackals, female jackals, auspicious ones)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śivā

śivā - jackal, female jackal; also "auspicious (feminine)"

Feminine form of 'śiva'. Can mean female jackal.