महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-50, verse-53

रणे विनिहतं श्रुत्वा शोकार्ता वै विनंक्ष्यति ।
सुभद्रा वक्ष्यते किं मामभिमन्युमपश्यती ।
द्रौपदी चैव दुःखार्ते ते च वक्ष्यामि किं न्वहम् ॥५३॥

53. raṇe vinihataṁ śrutvā śokārtā vai vinaṁkṣyati ,
subhadrā vakṣyate kiṁ māmabhimanyumapaśyatī ,
draupadī caiva duḥkhārte te ca vakṣyāmi kiṁ nvaham.

53. raṇe vinihatam śrutvā śokārtā vai
vinaṅkṣyati subhadrā vakṣyate kim mām
abhimanyum apaśyatī draupadī ca eva
duḥkhārte te ca vakṣyāmi kim nu aham

53. raṇe vinihatam (tam) śrutvā śokārtā subhadrā vai vinaṅkṣyati.
abhimanyum apaśyatī subhadrā mām kim vakṣyate? ca duḥkhārte te draupadī ca aham kim nu vakṣyāmi.

53. Upon hearing that he was killed in battle, Subhadrā, overcome with grief, will surely perish. What will Subhadrā say to me when she does not see Abhimanyu? And what indeed shall I say to those two, Draupadī and Subhadrā, who are afflicted with sorrow?

Words meanings summery:

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - referring to Abhimanyu (slain, killed)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• शोकार्ता (śokārtā) - referring to Subhadrā (distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, certainly

• विनङ्क्ष्यति (vinaṅkṣyati) - she will perish, be destroyed

• सुभद्रा (subhadrā) - Krishna's sister, Arjuna's wife, Abhimanyu's mother (Subhadrā (proper name))

• वक्ष्यते (vakṣyate) - she will speak/say

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• माम् (mām) - The speaker (to me, me)

• अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (proper name)

• अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - referring to Subhadrā (not seeing, failing to see)

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Wife of the Pandavas (Draupadī (proper name))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

• दुःखार्ते (duḥkhārte) - referring to Draupadī and Subhadrā (afflicted with sorrow, distressed by suffering)

• ते (te) - Draupadī and Subhadrā (those two, them (dual))

• च (ca) - and

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker (I will say/speak)

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• नु (nu) - then, now, indeed

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker (I)

Words meanings and morphology

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

विनिहतम् (vinihatam) - referring to Abhimanyu (slain, killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From `vi` + `ni` + root `han` (to strike, kill).

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `śru` (to hear) with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

शोकार्ता (śokārtā) - referring to Subhadrā (distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokārta

śokārta - distressed by grief, sorrow-stricken

Compound of `śoka` (grief) and `ārta` (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `ṛ` (to go) with `ā` prefix, meaning 'oppressed, distressed'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `subhadrā`.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

विनङ्क्ष्यति (vinaṅkṣyati) - she will perish, be destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vinaś

Future Active

From `vi` + root `naś` (to perish). Third person singular future.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The subject is `subhadrā`.

सुभद्रा (subhadrā) - Krishna's sister, Arjuna's wife, Abhimanyu's mother (Subhadrā (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of subhadrā

subhadrā - Subhadrā (proper name), auspicious, very good

From `su` (good) + `bhadra` (auspicious).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bhadra)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good'.
• bhadra – auspicious, good, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of `vinaṅkṣyati` and `vakṣyate`.

वक्ष्यते (vakṣyate) - she will speak/say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Middle

Root `vac` (class 2) is converted to `vakṣ` in future tense. Third person singular future middle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is `subhadrā`.

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why?

Note: Object of `vakṣyate`.

माम् (mām) - The speaker (to me, me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of `vakṣyate`.

अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (proper name, son of Arjuna and Subhadrā)

From `abhi` + `manyu` (passion, spirit, honor).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of `apaśyatī`.

अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - referring to Subhadrā (not seeing, failing to see)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, blind, unobserving

Present Active Participle (feminine)

From `a` (negation) + root `dṛś` (to see), with `śatṛ` suffix. `dṛś` becomes `paś` in present stem. Feminine form.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Wife of the Pandavas (Draupadī (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadī (proper name, daughter of Drupada)

From `drupada` (name) + `ī` suffix meaning 'daughter of'.

Note: One of the two women implied by `te`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

दुःखार्ते (duḥkhārte) - referring to Draupadī and Subhadrā (afflicted with sorrow, distressed by suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, dual of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by pain, distressed by sorrow

Compound of `duḥkha` (pain, sorrow) and `ārta` (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `ṛ` (to go) with `ā` prefix, meaning 'oppressed, distressed'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `te`.

ते (te) - Draupadī and Subhadrā (those two, them (dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Feminine dual nominative/accusative.

Note: Object of `vakṣyāmi`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker (I will say/speak)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

Root `vac` (class 2) is converted to `vakṣ` in future tense. First person singular future active.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is `aham`.

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why?

नु (nu) - then, now, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing interrogation, affirmation, or exhortation.

अहम् (aham) - The speaker (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of `vakṣyāmi`.