महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-53

द्रवतस्तान्समालोक्य राजा दुर्योधनो नृप ।
निवर्तयामास तदा वाक्यं चेदमुवाच ह ॥५३॥

53. dravatastānsamālokya rājā duryodhano nṛpa ,
nivartayāmāsa tadā vākyaṁ cedamuvāca ha.

53. dravataḥ tān samālokya rājā duryodhanaḥ nṛpa
nivartayāmāsa tadā vākyam ca idam uvāca ha

53. nṛpa,
rājā duryodhanaḥ tān dravataḥ samālokya tadā nivartayāmāsa ca idam vākyam ha uvāca

53. O King (nṛpa), having seen those (soldiers) fleeing, King Duryodhana then stopped them and indeed spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (soldiers) (fleeing, running away, flowing)

• तान् (tān) - those (fleeing soldiers) (them, those)

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen (the fleeing soldiers) (having seen, having observed well)

• राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana (name of a king))

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O king)

• निवर्तयामास (nivartayāmāsa) - Duryodhana stopped them (the fleeing soldiers) (he caused to turn back, he stopped)

• तदा (tadā) - then (after seeing the soldiers) (then, at that time)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (speech, words, sentence)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (these words) (he said, he spoke)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (soldiers) (fleeing, running away, flowing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - fleeing, running, flowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from √dru (to run, flee) with śatṛ affix. Used here in genitive/ablative singular or nominative/accusative plural.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tān'.

तान् (tān) - those (fleeing soldiers) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen (the fleeing soldiers) (having seen, having observed well)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from √lok (to see) with upasargas sam- and ā- and the suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 10)

राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana

नृप (nṛpa) - O King Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

निवर्तयामास (nivartayāmāsa) - Duryodhana stopped them (the fleeing soldiers) (he caused to turn back, he stopped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nivartayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect (Causative)

Derived from √vṛt (to turn) with upasarga ni-, in causative (vartayati) and then periphrastic perfect tense (āmāsa).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (after seeing the soldiers) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (speech, words, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, words, sentence, saying

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to 'vākyam'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (these words) (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect

Derived from √vac (to speak). Perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)