महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-3

संजय उवाच ।
तमुत्पतन्तं वेगेन राजा दुर्योधनः स्वयम् ।
न्यवारयन्महाराज कृपश्च द्विपदां वरः ॥३॥

3. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tamutpatantaṁ vegena rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam ,
nyavārayanmahārāja kṛpaśca dvipadāṁ varaḥ.

3. sañjaya uvāca | tam utpatantam vegena rājā duryodhanaḥ
svayam | nyavārayan mahārāja kṛpaḥ ca dvipadām varaḥ

3. sañjaya uvāca he mahārāja,
rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam ca dvipadām varaḥ kṛpaḥ tam vegena utpatantam nyavārayan

3. Sanjaya said: O great king, King Duryodhana himself and Kripa, the foremost among men, restrained him (Ashvatthama) as he rushed forward with great speed.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - Ashvatthama (him, that (one))

• उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - rushing forward, springing up, flying up

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

• न्यवारयन् (nyavārayan) - they prevented, they restrained

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

• च (ca) - and

• द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of men

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Ashvatthama (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - rushing forward, springing up, flying up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pat

pat - to fall, to fly, to rush

Present Active Participle

Present active participle, accusative singular masculine, from root pat with prefix ut-

Prefix: ud

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Ashvatthama).

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name)

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the direct involvement of Duryodhana.

न्यवारयन् (nyavārayan) - they prevented, they restrained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person plural active, from causal of root vṛ with prefix ni-ava-

Prefixes: ni+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to both Duryodhana and Kripa.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (name of a sage and warrior)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvipad

dvipad - biped, two-footed creature, man

Note: Used as 'among men'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

Note: Qualifies Kripa.