महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-37

स तु तं सहसा प्राप्तं नित्यमत्यन्तवैरिणम् ।
कर्णो वैकर्तनः सूत किमुत्तरमपद्यत ॥३७॥

37. sa tu taṁ sahasā prāptaṁ nityamatyantavairiṇam ,
karṇo vaikartanaḥ sūta kimuttaramapadyata.

37. saḥ tu tam sahasā prāptam nityam atyantavairiṇam
karṇaḥ vaikartanaḥ sūta kim uttaram apadyata

37. sūta vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ sahasā prāptam tam
nityam atyantavairiṇam kim uttaram apadyata

37. O charioteer, what response did Karna, the son of Vivasvan (Vaikartana), make when that perpetual, ultimate enemy (Arjuna) suddenly arrived?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived (referring to the enemy, Arjuna) (arrived, reached, obtained)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• अत्यन्तवैरिणम् (atyantavairiṇam) - extreme enemy, ultimate foe

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna (as son of Vivasvan) (son of Vivasvan (Sun god))

• सूत (sūta) - O Sañjaya (the narrator) (O charioteer, O bard)

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - answer, response (answer, reply, subsequent, northern)

• अपद्यत (apadyata) - he made, he gave (a response) (he obtained, he attained, he adopted, he fell into)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'sahas' used adverbially.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived (referring to the enemy, Arjuna) (arrived, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with the prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - constant, perpetual, eternal, always

Note: Used adverbially here.

अत्यन्तवैरिणम् (atyantavairiṇam) - extreme enemy, ultimate foe

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atyantavairiṇ

atyantavairiṇ - an extreme enemy, a great foe

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+vairiṇ)

• atyanta – excessive, extreme, very much
  adjective (masculine)
• vairiṇ – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name of a hero in the Mahabharata)

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna (as son of Vivasvan) (son of Vivasvan (Sun god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - descendant of Vikartana, son of Vivasvan (an epithet for Karna)

Patronymic of Vivasvan, the Sun god.

सूत (sūta) - O Sañjaya (the narrator) (O charioteer, O bard)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - answer, response (answer, reply, subsequent, northern)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - answer, reply, north, subsequent, superior

अपद्यत (apadyata) - he made, he gave (a response) (he obtained, he attained, he adopted, he fell into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Root with prefix 'apa'.

Prefix: apa

Root: pad (class 4)