महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-28

हतैश्च हन्यमानैश्च निष्टनद्भिश्च सर्वशः ।
बभूवायोधनं रौद्रं वैवस्वतपुरोपमम् ॥२८॥

28. hataiśca hanyamānaiśca niṣṭanadbhiśca sarvaśaḥ ,
babhūvāyodhanaṁ raudraṁ vaivasvatapuropamam.

28. hataiḥ ca hanyamānaiḥ ca niṣṭanadbhiḥ ca sarvaśaḥ
babhūva āyodhanam raudram vaivasvatapuropamam

28. hataiḥ ca hanyamānaiḥ ca niṣṭanadbhiḥ ca sarvaśaḥ āyodhanam raudram vaivasvatapuropamam babhūva.

28. The fierce battlefield became dreadful, resembling the city of Yama (Vaivasvata), with dead, dying, and groaning warriors scattered everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by killed ones, by the slain

• च (ca) - and

• हन्यमानैः (hanyamānaiḥ) - by those being killed, by the dying

• च (ca) - and

• निष्टनद्भिः (niṣṭanadbhiḥ) - by those groaning/roaring

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely, on all sides

• बभूव (babhūva) - it became, there was

• आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, combat

• रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, violent

• वैवस्वतपुरोपमम् (vaivasvatapuropamam) - similar to the city of Vaivasvata (Yama)

Words meanings and morphology

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by killed ones, by the slain

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, dead

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the dead warriors on the battlefield.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हन्यमानैः (hanyamānaiḥ) - by those being killed, by the dying

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hanyamāna

hanyamāna - being killed, being slain, dying

Present Passive Participle

derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with 'māna' suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the warriors still alive but being killed.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निष्टनद्भिः (niṣṭanadbhiḥ) - by those groaning/roaring

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - groaning, roaring, crying out, lamenting

Present Active Participle

derived from root 'stan' (to thunder, roar, groan) with prefix 'niṣ' (often 'nis')

Prefix: nis

Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Refers to the groans and cries of the wounded warriors.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely, on all sides

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the 'śas' suffix

बभूव (babhūva) - it became, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

reduplicated perfect form of 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, combat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - battlefield, combat, war, fight

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of raudra

raudra - dreadful, terrible, fierce, furious, belonging to Rudra

Note: Predicate adjective for 'āyodhanam'.

वैवस्वतपुरोपमम् (vaivasvatapuropamam) - similar to the city of Vaivasvata (Yama)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaivasvatapuropama

vaivasvatapuropama - similar to the city of Vaivasvata (Yama)

Tatpurusha compound ('vaivasvata-pura' = city of Yama) + 'upama' (like).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaivasvata+pura+upama)

• vaivasvata – Yama (son of Vivasvat), related to the sun
  proper noun (masculine)
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• upama – like, similar, resembling
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'āyodhanam'.