महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-50

अथैनं छिन्नधन्वानं हताश्वं हतसारथिम् ।
विव्याध सायकैः पार्थश्चतुर्भिः पाण्डुनन्दनः ॥५०॥

50. athainaṁ chinnadhanvānaṁ hatāśvaṁ hatasārathim ,
vivyādha sāyakaiḥ pārthaścaturbhiḥ pāṇḍunandanaḥ.

50. atha enam chinnadhanvānam hatāśvam hatasārathim
vivyādha sāyakaiḥ pārthaḥ caturbhiḥ pāṇḍunandanaḥ

50. atha pāṇḍunandanaḥ pārthaḥ enam chinnadhanvānam
hatāśvam hatasārathim caturbhiḥ sāyakaiḥ vivyādha

50. Then, Pārtha, the delight of Pāṇḍu's line (pāṇḍunandanaḥ), struck him – whose bow was broken, whose horses were slain, and whose charioteer was killed – with four arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• एनम् (enam) - him

• छिन्नधन्वानम् (chinnadhanvānam) - whose bow was broken, with a broken bow

• हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were killed, with slain horses

• हतसारथिम् (hatasārathim) - whose charioteer was killed, with a slain charioteer

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, wounded, struck

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

• पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - son of Pāṇḍu, delight of Pāṇḍu

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the action to the previous one.

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

छिन्नधन्वानम् (chinnadhanvānam) - whose bow was broken, with a broken bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - having a broken bow, whose bow is cut

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'chid' (to cut, break) + -ta suffix.
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'enam'.

हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were killed, with slain horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having killed horses, whose horses are slain

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'enam'.

हतसारथिम् (hatasārathim) - whose charioteer was killed, with a slain charioteer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatasārathi

hatasārathi - having a slain charioteer, whose charioteer is killed

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'enam'.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, wounded, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Active

Reduplicated root 'vyadh', perfect tense form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

Note: Instrument of the action 'vivyādha'.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derivative of Pṛthā.

Note: Subject of 'vivyādha'.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Qualifies 'sāyakaiḥ'.

पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - son of Pāṇḍu, delight of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu, delight of Pāṇḍu

Tatpurusha compound. Epithet for Arjuna.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nand' (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'pārthaḥ'.