महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-51

हताश्वात्तु रथात्तूर्णमवप्लुत्य नरर्षभः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं कृपस्य शरपीडितः ॥५१॥

51. hatāśvāttu rathāttūrṇamavaplutya nararṣabhaḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ kṛpasya śarapīḍitaḥ.

51. hatāśvāt tu rathāt tūrṇam avaplutya nararṣabhaḥ
ārūroha ratham tūrṇam kṛpasya śarapīḍitaḥ

51. tu śarapīḍitaḥ nararṣabhaḥ hatāśvāt rathāt
tūrṇam avaplutya tūrṇam kṛpasya ratham ārūroha

51. But that best of men (nararṣabhaḥ), wounded by arrows (śarapīḍitaḥ), quickly dismounted (avaplutya) from his chariot with slain horses (hatāśvāt), and quickly ascended (ārūroha) Kṛpa's (kṛpasya) chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from (the chariot) with slain horses

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having leapt down, dismounting

• नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• कृपस्य (kṛpasya) - of Kṛpa

• शरपीडितः (śarapīḍitaḥ) - wounded by arrows, distressed by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from (the chariot) with slain horses

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having killed horses, whose horses are slain

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, slain, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāt'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating contrast or continuation.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Denotes separation.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten) + -ṇa suffix, used as an adverb here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative neuter singular.

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having leapt down, dismounting

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'plu' (to float, leap) with prefix 'ava' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Gerund (absolutive).

नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - best of men, bull among men, chief of men

Tatpurusha compound. Epithet, often for kings or heroes.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'avaplutya' and 'ārūroha'.

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect Active

Reduplicated root 'ruh' with prefix 'ā', perfect tense form.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Object of 'ārūroha'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten) + -ṇa suffix, used as an adverb here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative neuter singular.

कृपस्य (kṛpasya) - of Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (name of a warrior, guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Possessive, indicating whose chariot.

शरपीडितः (śarapīḍitaḥ) - wounded by arrows, distressed by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarapīḍita

śarapīḍita - wounded by arrows, tormented by arrows

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+pīḍita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – distressed, tormented, afflicted, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to distress, torment) + -ta suffix.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'nararṣabhaḥ'.