महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तथा परुषितं दृष्ट्वा सूतपुत्रेण मातुलम् ।
खड्गमुद्यम्य वेगेन द्रौणिरभ्यपतद्द्रुतम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tathā paruṣitaṁ dṛṣṭvā sūtaputreṇa mātulam ,
khaḍgamudyamya vegena drauṇirabhyapataddrutam.

1. sañjaya uvāca | tathā paruṣitam dṛṣṭvā sūtaputreṇa
mātulam | khaḍgam udyamya vegena drauṇiḥ abhyapatat drutam

1. sañjaya uvāca sūtaputreṇa tathā paruṣitam mātulam
dṛṣṭvā drauṇiḥ khaḍgam udyamya vegena drutam abhyapatat

1. Sanjaya said: Seeing his maternal uncle thus insulted by Karna (the son of the charioteer), Ashvatthama (Drauni) quickly rushed forward with speed, raising his sword.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• परुषितम् (paruṣitam) - insulted, abused, harsh

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna (by the son of the charioteer)

• मातुलम् (mātulam) - Kripa (maternal uncle)

• खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, lifting up

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (son of Drona)

• अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - rushed towards, attacked, fell upon

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

परुषितम् (paruṣitam) - insulted, abused, harsh

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paruṣita

paruṣita - insulted, abused, harsh, violent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'pruṣ' with 'pari' prefix, meaning 'to speak harshly to'

Prefix: pari

Root: pruṣ

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying mātulam.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form of the root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna (by the son of the charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna.

मातुलम् (mātulam) - Kripa (maternal uncle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

Note: Refers to Kripa.

खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having raised, lifting up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form of the root yam with prefix ut-

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (son of Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona

Patronymic from Droṇa

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - rushed towards, attacked, fell upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru (to run), often used adverbially in neuter singular

Root: dru (class 1)