महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-38

संजय उवाच ।
आयान्तं पाण्डवं दृष्ट्वा गजः प्रतिगजं यथा ।
असंभ्रान्ततरः कर्णः पर्त्युदीयाद्धनंजयम् ॥३८॥

38. saṁjaya uvāca ,
āyāntaṁ pāṇḍavaṁ dṛṣṭvā gajaḥ pratigajaṁ yathā ,
asaṁbhrāntataraḥ karṇaḥ partyudīyāddhanaṁjayam.

38. sañjayaḥ uvāca āyāntam pāṇḍavam dṛṣṭvā gajaḥ pratigajam
yathā asaṃbhrāntataraḥ karṇaḥ prati udiyāt dhanañjayam

38. sañjayaḥ uvāca karṇaḥ āyāntam pāṇḍavam dṛṣṭvā gajaḥ
pratigajam yathā asaṃbhrāntataraḥ dhanañjayam pratyudiyāt

38. Sañjaya said: Having seen the approaching Pāṇḍava, Karna, completely unperplexed, went forth to meet Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), just as an elephant (advances towards) a rival elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - the approaching (Arjuna) (approaching, coming)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

• प्रतिगजम् (pratigajam) - a rival elephant, an opposing elephant

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• असंभ्रान्ततरः (asaṁbhrāntataraḥ) - more undisturbed, very unperplexed, completely calm

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

• उदियात् (udiyāt) - he went forth (narrative past) (he should go forth, he would go forth)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name, the charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - the approaching (Arjuna) (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'yā' (to go) with the prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu (a Pāṇḍava prince)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

प्रतिगजम् (pratigajam) - a rival elephant, an opposing elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratigaja

pratigaja - a rival elephant, an opposing elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+gaja)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

असंभ्रान्ततरः (asaṁbhrāntataraḥ) - more undisturbed, very unperplexed, completely calm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrāntatara

asaṁbhrāntatara - more or very undisturbed/unperplexed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+saṃbhrānta+tara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhrānta – perplexed, confused, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'bhram' (to wander, to be confused) with the prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• tara – more, rather (comparative suffix)
  suffix

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name of a hero in the Mahabharata)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)

Used as a preverb (upasarga) here with 'udiyāt'.

उदियात् (udiyāt) - he went forth (narrative past) (he should go forth, he would go forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of i

Root 'i' with prefix 'ud-'. Optative mood.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conquering, victory, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  verbal derivative
  From the root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)