महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-23

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम सूतपुत्रस्य लाघवम् ।
यदेनं समरे यत्ता नाप्नुवन्त परे युधि ॥२३॥

23. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma sūtaputrasya lāghavam ,
yadenaṁ samare yattā nāpnuvanta pare yudhi.

23. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma sūtaputrasya lāghavam
| yat enam samare yattā na āpnuvanta pare yudhi

23. tatra sūtaputrasya adbhutam lāghavam apaśyāma
yat samare yattā pare enam yudhi na āpnuvanta

23. There we witnessed the extraordinary agility of Karṇa (Sūtaputra), for despite being alert in battle, his enemies could not reach him in the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - extraordinary (wonderful, amazing, extraordinary)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

• सूतपुत्रस्य (sūtaputrasya) - of Karṇa (Sūtaputra) (of the Suta's son, of Karṇa)

• लाघवम् (lāghavam) - extraordinary agility and quickness (lightness, agility, dexterity, quickness)

• यत् (yat) - for, because (that, because, since)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Karṇa) (him, this one)

• समरे (samare) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

• यत्ता (yattā) - alert, attentive (in battle) (active, prepared, alert, careful)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आप्नुवन्त (āpnuvanta) - they could reach (or hit) (they reached, they obtained, they got)

• परे (pare) - the enemies (others, enemies)

• युधि (yudhi) - in the fight (in battle, in fight)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - extraordinary (wonderful, amazing, extraordinary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, amazing, extraordinary, miraculous

Note: Modifies lāghavam.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect

1st person plural, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root dṛś/paś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Speaker (Saṃjaya) and Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सूतपुत्रस्य (sūtaputrasya) - of Karṇa (Sūtaputra) (of the Suta's son, of Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a sūta (charioteer), Karṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

लाघवम् (lāghavam) - extraordinary agility and quickness (lightness, agility, dexterity, quickness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, agility, quickness, dexterity

Derived from laghu (light, quick) with suffix -a.

Note: Object of apaśyāma.

यत् (yat) - for, because (that, because, since)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects the clauses.

एनम् (enam) - him (Karṇa) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enam

enam - him, this one, that one

Masculine singular accusative of ena-.

Note: Object of āpnuvanta.

समरे (samare) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

यत्ता (yattā) - alert, attentive (in battle) (active, prepared, alert, careful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - active, prepared, alert, careful, striving

Past Passive Participle (used as adjective)

From root yat (to strive, be active).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Modifies pare.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates āpnuvanta.

आप्नुवन्त (āpnuvanta) - they could reach (or hit) (they reached, they obtained, they got)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āp

Imperfect

3rd person plural, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root āp (to reach) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

परे (pare) - the enemies (others, enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Note: Subject of āpnuvanta.

युधि (yudhi) - in the fight (in battle, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)