महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-134, verse-25

ततस्ते व्याकुलीभूता राजानः कर्णपीडिताः ।
बभ्रमुस्तत्र तत्रैव गावः शीतार्दिता इव ॥२५॥

25. tataste vyākulībhūtā rājānaḥ karṇapīḍitāḥ ,
babhramustatra tatraiva gāvaḥ śītārditā iva.

25. tataḥ te vyākulībhūtāḥ rājānaḥ karṇapīḍitāḥ
babhramuḥ tatra tatra eva gāvaḥ śītārditāḥ iva

25. tataḥ karṇapīḍitāḥ te rājānaḥ vyākulībhūtāḥ
babhramuḥ tatra tatra eva gāvaḥ śītārditāḥ iva

25. Then, afflicted by Karṇa, those kings became distraught and wandered aimlessly, just like cows suffering from the cold.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• ते (te) - they, those

• व्याकुलीभूताः (vyākulībhūtāḥ) - became agitated, distraught, confused

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• कर्णपीडिताः (karṇapīḍitāḥ) - tormented by Karṇa, afflicted by Karṇa

• बभ्रमुः (babhramuḥ) - they wandered

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

• शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - distressed by cold, tormented by cold

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

ablative form of 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: masculine nominative plural of 'tad'

व्याकुलीभूताः (vyākulībhūtāḥ) - became agitated, distraught, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyākulībhūta

vyākulībhūta - agitated, distraught, confused, having become distressed

Past Passive Participle

derived from 'vyākula' + 'ī-bhū' (to become)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle used as an adjective, agreeing with 'rājānaḥ'

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कर्णपीडिताः (karṇapīḍitāḥ) - tormented by Karṇa, afflicted by Karṇa

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karṇapīḍita

karṇapīḍita - tormented by Karṇa, afflicted by Karṇa

Past Passive Participle (pīḍita) used in a compound

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (karṇa+pīḍita)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper name), ear
  proper noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to torment, oppress)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Past Passive Participle, used as an adjective, agreeing with 'rājānaḥ'

बभ्रमुः (babhramuḥ) - they wandered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of bhram

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

reduplicated perfect form of 'bhram'

Root: bhram (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Used repetitively as 'tatra tatra' for 'here and there' or 'hither and thither'

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - distressed by cold, tormented by cold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śītārdita

śītārdita - distressed by cold, tormented by cold

Past Passive Participle (ardita) used in a compound

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīta+ardita)

• śīta – cold, chill
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – distressed, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ard' (to pain, hurt)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, used as an adjective, agreeing with 'gāvaḥ'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)