योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-74, verse-52

नाशास्तेनत्वमाशानां विद्धि मिथ्याभ्रमं जगत् ।
वहद्रथस्थदिक्चक्रपरावर्तवदुत्थितम् ॥ ५२ ॥

nāśāstenatvamāśānāṃ viddhi mithyābhramaṃ jagat ,
vahadrathasthadikcakraparāvartavadutthitam 52

52. āśāḥ te na tvam āśānām viddhi mithyābhramam jagat
vahant ratha stha dik cakra parāvarta vat utthitam

52. te āśāḥ tvam na [asi]तेन त्वम् आशानाम् मिथ्याभ्रमम् वहत् रथ स्थ दिक् चक्र परावर्त वत् उत्थितम् जगत् विद्धि।

52. Do not identify with those desires; know that the world (jagat) is a false illusion (mithyābhrama) born of desires (āśānām), which has arisen like the illusory turning of the wheel of directions from a moving chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• आशाः (āśāḥ) - hopes, desires, expectations

• ते (te) - those (feminine plural)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• आशानाम् (āśānām) - of hopes, of desires

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (imperative)

• मिथ्याभ्रमम् (mithyābhramam) - false illusion, delusion

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, the universe

• वहन्त् (vahant) - moving, carrying, flowing

• रथ (ratha) - chariot, carriage

• स्थ (stha) - standing, situated, being in

• दिक् (dik) - direction, quarter of the sky

• चक्र (cakra) - wheel, circle

• परावर्त (parāvarta) - turning back, revolving, reversal

• वत् (vat) - like, as, similar to

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen, manifested, standing up

Words meanings and morphology

आशाः (āśāḥ) - hopes, desires, expectations

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āśā

āśā - hope, desire, expectation

Prefix: ā

Root: āś (class 5)

Note: Part of the phrase 'te āśāḥ' (those desires).

ते (te) - those (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'āśāḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms negation with 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asi' (are).

आशानाम् (āśānām) - of hopes, of desires

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of āśā

āśā - hope, desire, expectation

Prefix: ā

Root: āś (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'mithyābhramam' as 'illusion *of* desires'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative

2nd person singular imperative active of verb 'vid' (Class 3, juhu-tyādi)

Root: vid (class 3)

मिथ्याभ्रमम् (mithyābhramam) - false illusion, delusion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mithyābhrama

mithyābhrama - false illusion, delusion, erroneous perception

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mithyā+bhrama)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, untrue
  indeclinable
• bhrama – wandering, error, illusion, delusion
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhram (to wander, roam)
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'viddhi', agreeing with 'jagat'.

जगत् (jagat) - the world, the universe

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the world, universe, what moves, animate beings

present active participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix ja

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.

वहन्त् (vahant) - moving, carrying, flowing

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vahant

vahant - moving, carrying, flowing

present active participle

Present active participle of root 'vah' (to carry, move)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Part of a long compound describing 'jagat'.

रथ (ratha) - chariot, carriage

(noun)

masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, carriage

Note: Part of compound 'vahadrathastha'.

स्थ (stha) - standing, situated, being in

(adjective)

singular of stha

stha - standing, situated, being in, abiding

nominal derivative

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of compound 'vahadrathastha', meaning 'situated on a moving chariot'.

दिक् (dik) - direction, quarter of the sky

(noun)

feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, point of the compass

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Part of compound 'dikcakra'.

चक्र (cakra) - wheel, circle

(noun)

neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, circle, disk, cycle

Note: Part of compound 'dikcakra'.

परावर्त (parāvarta) - turning back, revolving, reversal

(noun)

masculine, singular of parāvarta

parāvarta - turning back, revolution, reversal, return

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefixes parā + ā

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of compound 'dikcakraparāvarta'.

वत् (vat) - like, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

Suffix meaning 'like' or 'as if'

Note: Attaches to the preceding compound.

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen, manifested, standing up

(adjective)

neuter, singular of utthita

utthita - arisen, standing up, produced, manifested

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root sthā (to stand) with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jagat' as object of 'viddhi'.