योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-74, verse-15

तत्र कोऽयं मुधा मोहो भवतामतिदुःखदः ।
अयं सोऽहं ममाङ्गानि ममेदं चेति दुर्धियाम् ॥ १५ ॥

tatra ko'yaṃ mudhā moho bhavatāmatiduḥkhadaḥ ,
ayaṃ so'haṃ mamāṅgāni mamedaṃ ceti durdhiyām 15

15. tatra kaḥ ayam mudhā mohaḥ bhavatām atiduḥkhadaḥ
ayam saḥ aham mama aṅgāni mama idam ca iti durdhiyām

15. tatra durdhiyām bhavatām ayam atiduḥkhadaḥ mudhā
mohaḥ kaḥ "ayam saḥ aham mama aṅgāni mama idam ca" iti

15. Therefore, what is this utterly futile and greatly sorrow-inducing delusion (moha) that afflicts those with misguided intellects, leading to the thoughts: 'This is I,' 'these are my limbs,' and 'this is mine'?

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, then

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, confusion, infatuation

• भवताम् (bhavatām) - of you (plural, respectful), of your excellency

• अतिदुःखदः (atiduḥkhadaḥ) - causing great sorrow, extremely painful

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to the empirical self or the body (this (masculine))

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• अङ्गानि (aṅgāni) - limbs, parts, members

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• इदम् (idam) - referring to something external, a possession (this (neuter))

• च (ca) - and, also

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the deluded thought (thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation)

• दुर्धियाम् (durdhiyām) - of those with foolish/bad intellect, of the deluded

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case, then

(indeclinable)

Formed from demonstrative pronoun stem `tad` + suffix `tra`.

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion, confusion, infatuation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, bewilderment, ignorance, infatuation

From `√muh` (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the concept of delusion (moha).

भवताम् (bhavatām) - of you (plural, respectful), of your excellency

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, your excellency, you (respectful form)

Present active participle of `√bhū` (to be), used as a respectful pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used respectfully, or generally referring to 'people' in a philosophical context.

अतिदुःखदः (atiduḥkhadaḥ) - causing great sorrow, extremely painful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiduḥkhada

atiduḥkhada - causing great pain/sorrow, very troublesome

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ati+duḥkha+da)

• ati – beyond, exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing, causing
  adjective
  From `√dā` (to give) with suffix `-a`.
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `mohaḥ`.

अयम् (ayam) - referring to the empirical self or the body (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used here in the direct speech 'ayam saḥ aham'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used to mean 'that very one' or 'he (whom I am)'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

अङ्गानि (aṅgāni) - limbs, parts, members

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of aṅga

aṅga - limb, body, part, member

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

इदम् (idam) - referring to something external, a possession (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the deluded thought (thus, so, marking direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

Particle marking quotation or conclusion.

दुर्धियाम् (durdhiyām) - of those with foolish/bad intellect, of the deluded

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of durdhī

durdhī - foolish, dull-witted, having a bad intellect

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dur+dhī)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• dhī – intellect, thought, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)