महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-13, verse-53

स पौरवरथस्येषामाप्लुत्य सहसा नदन् ।
पौरवं रथमास्थाय केशपक्षे परामृशत् ॥५३॥

53. sa pauravarathasyeṣāmāplutya sahasā nadan ,
pauravaṁ rathamāsthāya keśapakṣe parāmṛśat.

53. sa pauravarathasya īṣām āplutya sahasā nadan
| pauravam ratham āsthāya keśapakṣe parāmṛśat

53. sa sahasā nadan pauravarathasya īṣām āplutya
pauravam ratham āsthāya keśapakṣe parāmṛśat

53. He suddenly leaped onto the shaft of Paurava's chariot, shouting loudly. Then, mounting Paurava's chariot, he seized him by the hair.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• पौरवरथस्य (pauravarathasya) - of Paurava's chariot

• ईषाम् (īṣām) - shaft (pole, shaft (of a chariot))

• आप्लुत्य (āplutya) - having leaped onto (having jumped upon, having plunged into)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• नदन् (nadan) - shouting loudly (shouting, roaring, sounding)

• पौरवम् (pauravam) - Paurava's (referring to the king/person) (related to Puru, Paurava's)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having taken up)

• केशपक्षे (keśapakṣe) - by the hair (by the side of the hair, in the hair, by the hair)

• परामृशत् (parāmṛśat) - he seized (he seized, he touched, he grasped)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पौरवरथस्य (pauravarathasya) - of Paurava's chariot

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pauravaratha

pauravaratha - Paurava's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paurava+ratha)

• paurava – descendant of Puru, a Paurava
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, modifying `īṣām`.

ईषाम् (īṣām) - shaft (pole, shaft (of a chariot))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īṣā

īṣā - pole, shaft (of a chariot)

Note: Object of `āplutya`.

आप्लुत्य (āplutya) - having leaped onto (having jumped upon, having plunged into)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

upasarga ā + root plu (to float, to jump) + lyap (suffix for absolutive with prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

instrumental form of sahas (power) used adverbially

नदन् (nadan) - shouting loudly (shouting, roaring, sounding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - shouting, roaring

Present Active Participle

root nad (to roar, shout) + śatṛ (suffix for PAP)

Root: nad (class 1)

पौरवम् (pauravam) - Paurava's (referring to the king/person) (related to Puru, Paurava's)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paurava

paurava - descendant of Puru, a Paurava

Note: Also functions as an adjective here, specifying which chariot.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Object of `āsthāya`.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having taken up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

upasarga ā + root sthā (to stand) + lyap (suffix for absolutive with prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

केशपक्षे (keśapakṣe) - by the hair (by the side of the hair, in the hair, by the hair)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of keśapakṣa

keśapakṣa - side of the hair, hair-parting, lock of hair

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (keśa+pakṣa)

• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)
• pakṣa – side, wing, party, part
  noun (masculine)

परामृशत् (parāmṛśat) - he seized (he seized, he touched, he grasped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛś

Imperfect Active

a-augment + upasarga parā + root mṛś + at (3rd singular ending)

Prefix: parā

Root: mṛś (class 6)