महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-13, verse-18

शरीरशतसंबाधां केशशैवलशाद्वलाम् ।
नदीं प्रावर्तयद्राजन्भीरूणां भयवर्धिनीम् ॥१८॥

18. śarīraśatasaṁbādhāṁ keśaśaivalaśādvalām ,
nadīṁ prāvartayadrājanbhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhinīm.

18. śarīraśatasaṃbādhām keśaśaivalaśādvalām nadīm
prāvartayat rājan bhīrūṇām bhayavardhinīm

18. rājan (Droṇa) śarīraśatasaṃbādhām keśaśaivalaśādvalām
bhīrūṇām bhayavardhinīm nadīm prāvartayat

18. O King, (Droṇa) caused to flow this river, crowded with hundreds of bodies and whose grassy banks were like hair and algae, a river that intensified the fear of the fearful.

Words meanings summery:

• शरीरशतसंबाधाम् (śarīraśatasaṁbādhām) - crowded with hundreds of bodies

• केशशैवलशाद्वलाम् (keśaśaivalaśādvalām) - whose grassy banks were like hair and algae (having hair as algae and grass/turf, whose grassy banks are of hair and algae)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river, stream

• प्रावर्तयत् (prāvartayat) - caused to flow (caused to flow, set in motion, initiated)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful, of the timid

• भयवर्धिनीम् (bhayavardhinīm) - increasing fear, fear-magnifying

Words meanings and morphology

शरीरशतसंबाधाम् (śarīraśatasaṁbādhām) - crowded with hundreds of bodies

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śarīraśatasaṃbādhā

śarīraśatasaṁbādhā - crowded with hundreds of bodies

Compound adjective, meaning 'crowded/obstructed by hundreds of bodies'. 'saṃbādhā' (crowded) is the final element, a feminine form of the PPP from sam-bādh.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śarīra+śata+saṃbādhā)

• śarīra – body
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• saṃbādhā – crowded, obstructed, oppressed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + bādh (to oppress, crowd)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'.

केशशैवलशाद्वलाम् (keśaśaivalaśādvalām) - whose grassy banks were like hair and algae (having hair as algae and grass/turf, whose grassy banks are of hair and algae)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of keśaśaivalaśādvalā

keśaśaivalaśādvalā - having grassy banks of hair and algae

Compound adjective, meaning 'whose grassy banks (śādvalā) consist of hair (keśa) and algae (śaivala)'.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (keśa+śaivala+śādvala)

• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)
• śaivala – algae, moss
  noun (neuter)
• śādvala – grassy spot, turf, meadow
  noun (neuter)
  Feminized as śādvalā to agree with nadīm.

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river, stream

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Object of 'prāvartayat'.

प्रावर्तयत् (prāvartayat) - caused to flow (caused to flow, set in motion, initiated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāvart

Causative from pravṛt

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, causative of pra + vṛt (to turn, roll).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The implicit subject is Droṇa.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to a king.

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful, of the timid

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, cowardly

From bhī (to fear). Used substantively.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Possessive, referring to whose fear is increased.

भयवर्धिनीम् (bhayavardhinīm) - increasing fear, fear-magnifying

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhayavardhinī

bhayavardhinī - increasing fear, fear-magnifying

Agent Noun (feminine)

Compound adjective, from bhaya (fear) + vardhin (one who increases). Feminine form.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhaya+vardhin)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• vardhin – increasing, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From vṛdh (to grow, increase) with -in suffix.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'.