महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-13, verse-40

शिखण्डी तु ततः क्रुद्धः सौमदत्तिं विशां पते ।
नवत्या सायकानां तु कम्पयामास भारत ॥४०॥

40. śikhaṇḍī tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ saumadattiṁ viśāṁ pate ,
navatyā sāyakānāṁ tu kampayāmāsa bhārata.

40. śikhaṇḍī tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ saumadattim viśām
pate navatyā sāyakānām tu kampayāmāsa bhārata

40. viśām pate bhārata tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ śikhaṇḍī
tu navatyā sāyakānām saumadattim kampayāmāsa

40. But then, enraged Shikhandi, O lord of men (viśām pate), O descendant of Bharata (bhārata), shook Saumadatti (Bhurishravas) with ninety arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi (proper noun)

• तु (tu) - Indicates a shift or continuation in action. (but, however, indeed, and)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Shikhandi was angry. (enraged, angry)

• सौमदत्तिम् (saumadattim) - Bhurishravas, son of Somadatta (son of Somadatta)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

• पते (pate) - Addressing King Dhritarashtra (O lord, O master)

• नवत्या (navatyā) - with ninety

• सायकानाम् (sāyakānām) - of arrows

• तु (tu) - Indicates a shift or continuation in action, often used for emphasis. (but, however, indeed, and)

• कम्पयामास (kampayāmāsa) - caused to tremble, shook

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing King Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandi (name of a warrior, son of Drupada, who played a key role in Bhishma's fall)

तु (tu) - Indicates a shift or continuation in action. (but, however, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix from 'tad'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Shikhandi was angry. (enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

सौमदत्तिम् (saumadattim) - Bhurishravas, son of Somadatta (son of Somadatta)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - son of Somadatta; Bhurishravas

Patronymic derivation from Sumadattā (mother) or Somadatta (father).

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, subjects, settlement

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - Addressing King Dhritarashtra (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

नवत्या (navatyā) - with ninety

(numeral)

सायकानाम् (sāyakānām) - of arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

From root 'ṣiñj' (to go, to throw) + suffix -aka.

Root: ṣiñj

तु (tu) - Indicates a shift or continuation in action, often used for emphasis. (but, however, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

कम्पयामास (kampayāmāsa) - caused to tremble, shook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of kampayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

Formed from the causative stem kampaya- + auxiliary verb 'ās' in perfect tense (āmāsa).

Root: kamp (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing King Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; a Bharata

Patronymic from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ