महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-82

ततो दन्तिसहस्राणि रथानां चापि मारिष ।
अश्वौघाः पुरुषौघाश्च विपरीतं समाययुः ॥८२॥

82. tato dantisahasrāṇi rathānāṁ cāpi māriṣa ,
aśvaughāḥ puruṣaughāśca viparītaṁ samāyayuḥ.

82. tataḥ dantisahasrāṇi rathānām ca api māriṣa
aśvaughāḥ puruṣaughāḥ ca viparītam samāyayuḥ

82. māriṣa,
tataḥ dantisahasrāṇi,
rathānām ca api,
aśvaughāḥ,
puruṣaughāḥ ca,
viparītam samāyayuḥ.

82. Then, O honorable one (māriṣa), thousands of elephants, and also chariots, masses of horses, and masses of men came together, advancing in an opposing manner.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently [in time] (then, thence, afterwards)

• दन्तिसहस्राणि (dantisahasrāṇi) - thousands of elephants

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots [implicitly, thousands] (of chariots)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, in addition (also, even, too)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O honorable one, O respected one)

• अश्वौघाः (aśvaughāḥ) - masses of horses, throngs of horses

• पुरुषौघाः (puruṣaughāḥ) - masses of men, throngs of soldiers

• च (ca) - and

• विपरीतम् (viparītam) - in opposition, confronting each other (in an opposing manner, contrary, reversed)

• समाययुः (samāyayuḥ) - they converged [for battle] (they came together, they met)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently [in time] (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb derived from pronoun 'tad'

दन्तिसहस्राणि (dantisahasrāṇi) - thousands of elephants

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dantisahasra

dantisahasra - a thousand elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dantin+sahasra)

• dantin – elephant (lit. 'having tusks')
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṃś (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'samāyayuḥ'

रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots [implicitly, thousands] (of chariots)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Here, implicitly refers to 'thousands of chariots' as implied by 'sahasrāṇi' applying to 'danti' and 'ratha'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjoins 'dantisahasrāṇi' and 'rathānām' (with implied 'sahasrāṇi').

अपि (api) - also, in addition (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes inclusion.

मारिष (māriṣa) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O honorable one, O respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - honorable man, respectable person (vocative)

अश्वौघाः (aśvaughāḥ) - masses of horses, throngs of horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvaugha

aśvaugha - mass of horses, multitude of horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+ogha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, current, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samāyayuḥ'

पुरुषौघाः (puruṣaughāḥ) - masses of men, throngs of soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣaugha

puruṣaugha - mass of men, multitude of soldiers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ogha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, current, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samāyayuḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjoins 'aśvaughāḥ' and 'puruṣaughāḥ'.

विपरीतम् (viparītam) - in opposition, confronting each other (in an opposing manner, contrary, reversed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viparīta

viparīta - inverted, contrary, opposite

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i with upasargas vi-pari

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adverb here, describing how they came.

समाययुः (samāyayuḥ) - they converged [for battle] (they came together, they met)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of samāyā

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural perfect of root yā with upasarga sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: yā (class 2)