महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-46

भगदत्तं रणे शूरं विराटो वाहिनीपतिः ।
अभ्ययात्त्वरितो राजंस्ततो युद्धमवर्तत ॥४६॥

46. bhagadattaṁ raṇe śūraṁ virāṭo vāhinīpatiḥ ,
abhyayāttvarito rājaṁstato yuddhamavartata.

46. bhagadattaṃ raṇe śūraṃ virāṭaḥ vāhinīpatiḥ
abhyayāt tvaritaḥ rājan tataḥ yuddham avartata

46. rājan,
vāhinīpatiḥ virāṭaḥ raṇe śūraṃ bhagadattaṃ tvaritaḥ abhyayāt.
tataḥ yuddham avartata.

46. O King, Virāṭa, the commander of the army, swiftly attacked the brave Bhagadatta in battle. Then, a battle ensued.

Words meanings summery:

• भगदत्तं (bhagadattaṁ) - Bhagadatta (proper noun)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

• शूरं (śūraṁ) - the brave (Bhagadatta) (brave, valorous, heroic)

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (proper noun)

• वाहिनीपतिः (vāhinīpatiḥ) - the commander of the army (Virāṭa) (commander of an army, general)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he attacked (he went towards, he attacked, he approached)

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (swift, quick, hurried)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, combat, war)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued (it turned, it proceeded, it took place, it ensued)

Words meanings and morphology

भगदत्तं (bhagadattaṁ) - Bhagadatta (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - name of a king, son of Naraka, ruler of Pragjyotiṣa

From bhaga (fortune) + datta (given). Given by fortune.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaga+datta)

• bhaga – fortune, prosperity, good luck, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted, presented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dā (to give) + kta (suffix)
  Root: √dā (class 3)

Note: Object of abhyayāt.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

From √raṇ (to sound, shout, rejoice, fight)

Root: √raṇ (class 1)

शूरं (śūraṁ) - the brave (Bhagadatta) (brave, valorous, heroic)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, heroic, powerful

From √śūr (to be strong, powerful)

Root: √śūr (class 1)

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - name of a king, ruler of Matsya kingdom

From vi (distinction) + rāj (to shine, rule) + a (suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: √rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of abhyayāt.

वाहिनीपतिः (vāhinīpatiḥ) - the commander of the army (Virāṭa) (commander of an army, general)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāhinīpati

vāhinīpati - commander of an army, general, lord of a river (vāhinī can mean army or river)

Compound of vāhinī (army) + pati (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāhinī+pati)

• vāhinī – army, river
  noun (feminine)
  feminine form of vāhin
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Virāṭa.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he attacked (he went towards, he attacked, he approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of √i

aorist active

Root aorist, third person singular, parasmāipada. Prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: √i (class 2)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly (swift, quick, hurried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, hurried, swift, quick

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hasten) + kta (suffix). Used adverbially here.

Root: √tvar (class 1)

Note: Describing Virāṭa.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Common address by the narrator.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad, used adverbially

युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, combat, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

From √yudh (to fight) + kta (suffix). Used as a noun.

Root: √yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of avartata.

अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued (it turned, it proceeded, it took place, it ensued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

imperfect middle

Third person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: √vṛt (class 1)