महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-44

नाराचेन सुतीक्ष्णेन भृशं विद्ध्वा व्यकम्पयत् ।
शिखण्ड्यपि ततो राजन्द्रोणपुत्रमताडयत् ॥४४॥

44. nārācena sutīkṣṇena bhṛśaṁ viddhvā vyakampayat ,
śikhaṇḍyapi tato rājandroṇaputramatāḍayat.

44. nārācena sutīkṣṇena bhṛśam viddhvā vyakampayat
śikhaṇḍī api tatas rājan droṇaputram atāḍayat

44. (aśvatthāmā) sutīkṣṇena nārācena bhṛśam viddhvā (śikhaṇḍinam) vyakampayat.
rājan,
tatas śikhaṇḍī api droṇaputram atāḍayat.

44. (Aśvatthāmā), having deeply pierced (Śikhaṇḍī) with a very sharp iron arrow, made him tremble. Then, O King, Śikhaṇḍī also struck Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā).

Words meanings summery:

• नाराचेन (nārācena) - with an iron arrow

• सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - with a very sharp one (very sharp, exceedingly keen)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced (having pierced, having struck)

• व्यकम्पयत् (vyakampayat) - he made him tremble (he made tremble, he shook)

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• ततस् (tatas) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi, Aśvatthāmā)

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

Words meanings and morphology

नाराचेन (nārācena) - with an iron arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nārāca

nārāca - an iron arrow, a particular kind of arrow

सुतीक्ष्णेन (sutīkṣṇena) - with a very sharp one (very sharp, exceedingly keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - very sharp, exceedingly keen, very fierce

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+tīkṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent
  adjective

Note: agrees with nārācena

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

(indeclinable)

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced (having pierced, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with suffix -tvā (irregular formation).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicates a prior action

व्यकम्पयत् (vyakampayat) - he made him tremble (he made tremble, he shook)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyakampayat

Imperfect Tense, causative, active voice

Root √kamp (to tremble) with prefix vi- and causative suffix -ay, third person singular active imperfect.

Prefix: vi

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāmā shaking Śikhaṇḍī.

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍī (a character in the Mahabharata)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ततस् (tatas) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi, Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāmā.

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of atāḍayat

Imperfect Tense, causative, active voice

Root √taḍ (to strike) with causative suffix -ay, third person singular active imperfect.

Root: taḍ (class 10)

Note: Refers to Śikhaṇḍī striking Droṇa's son.