महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-48

भगदत्तस्ततस्तूर्णं विराटं पृथिवीपतिम् ।
छादयामास समरे मेघः सूर्यमिवोदितम् ॥४८॥

48. bhagadattastatastūrṇaṁ virāṭaṁ pṛthivīpatim ,
chādayāmāsa samare meghaḥ sūryamivoditam.

48. bhagadattaḥ tataḥ tūrṇaṃ virāṭaṃ pṛthivīpatim
chādayāmāsa samare meghaḥ sūryam iva uditam

48. tataḥ bhagadattaḥ tūrṇaṃ samare pṛthivīpatim
virāṭaṃ uditam sūryam meghaḥ iva chādayāmāsa

48. Then, Bhagadatta swiftly covered King Virāṭa in battle, just as a cloud covers the risen sun.

Words meanings summery:

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (proper noun)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

• विराटं (virāṭaṁ) - Virāṭa (proper noun)

• पृथिवीपतिम् (pṛthivīpatim) - King Virāṭa (lord of the earth, king, sovereign)

• छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered (with arrows) (he covered, he obscured, he veiled)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• मेघः (meghaḥ) - a cloud (cloud)

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun (sun)

• इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as it were)

• उदितम् (uditam) - the risen (sun) (risen, ascended, appeared)

Words meanings and morphology

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - name of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaga+datta)

• bhaga – fortune, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dā + kta
  Root: √dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of chādayāmāsa.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad, used adverbially

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tūrṇa

tūrṇa - swift, quick, rapid, hastened

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hasten) + ṇic + kta (suffix). Used adverbially here.

Root: √tvar (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverb.

विराटं (virāṭaṁ) - Virāṭa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - name of a king, ruler of Matsya kingdom

Prefix: vi

Root: √rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of chādayāmāsa.

पृथिवीपतिम् (pṛthivīpatim) - King Virāṭa (lord of the earth, king, sovereign)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound of pṛthivī (earth) + pati (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Virāṭa.

छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered (with arrows) (he covered, he obscured, he veiled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √chad

perfect active (causative)

Periphrastic perfect, third person singular, parasmāipada, from causative stem chādaya.

Root: √chad (class 10)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

From sam (together) + √ṛ (to go, rise).

मेघः (meghaḥ) - a cloud (cloud)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud, mass of clouds

From √mih + gha

Root: √mih (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile, agent of covering.

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun (sun)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Note: Part of the simile, object of covering.

इव (iva) - like, just as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

उदितम् (uditam) - the risen (sun) (risen, ascended, appeared)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, ascended, appeared, said

Past Passive Participle

From ud + √i (to go) + kta (suffix).

Prefix: ud

Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Describes the sun.