महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-31

अथान्यद्धनुरादाय सायकांश्च चतुर्दश ।
द्रोणं द्रुपदपुत्रस्तु प्रतिविव्याध संयुगे ।
तावन्योन्यं सुसंक्रुद्धौ चक्रतुः सुभृशं रणम् ॥३१॥

31. athānyaddhanurādāya sāyakāṁśca caturdaśa ,
droṇaṁ drupadaputrastu prativivyādha saṁyuge ,
tāvanyonyaṁ susaṁkruddhau cakratuḥ subhṛśaṁ raṇam.

31. atha anyat dhanuḥ ādāya sāyakān ca
caturdaśa | droṇam drupadaputraḥ tu
prativivyādha saṃyuge | tau anyonyam
susaṃkruddhau cakratuḥ subhṛśam raṇam

31. atha anyat dhanuḥ ādāya ca caturdaśa
sāyakān drupadaputraḥ tu saṃyuge
droṇam prativivyādha tau susaṃkruddhau
anyonyam subhṛśam raṇam cakratuḥ

31. Then, taking up another bow and fourteen arrows, Drupada's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) retaliated, piercing Droṇa in the battle. Those two, greatly enraged at each other, then fought a very fierce combat.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another (bow) (another, other)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - taking (up) (having taken, taking)

• सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• द्रुपदपुत्रः (drupadaputraḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada (son of Drupada)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action as a counter-attack) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - pierced (back) (pierced back, retaliated by piercing)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Droṇa and Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (those two)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• सुसंक्रुद्धौ (susaṁkruddhau) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged (dual))

• चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two fought (lit. made battle) (they two made, they two did)

• सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - very fiercely (very much, exceedingly, severely)

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle (battle, combat)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - another (bow) (another, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

आदाय (ādāya) - taking (up) (having taken, taking)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dā (to give) with prefix ā (to, near) and -ya suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Root: si (class 4)

Note: Object of 'ādāya' (implied).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'sāyakān'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - name of Droṇācārya, the royal guru

Note: Object of 'prativivyādha'.

द्रुपदपुत्रः (drupadaputraḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada (son of Drupada)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupadaputra

drupadaputra - son of Drupada (e.g., Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Śikhaṇḍin)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (drupada+putra)

• drupada – name of a king, father of Draupadī and Dhṛṣṭadyumna
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'prativivyādha'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action as a counter-attack) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - pierced (back) (pierced back, retaliated by piercing)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prati-vyadh

Perfect 3rd person singular active voice

Perfect form of root vyadh (to pierce) with prefix prati (back, against).

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict

Root: yuj (class 7)

तौ (tau) - those two (Droṇa and Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa and Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Formed by reduplication of 'anya'.

Note: Adverbially 'mutually' or accusative object.

सुसंक्रुद्धौ (susaṁkruddhau) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - greatly enraged, extremely angry

Past Passive Participle

From prefix su- (very, well) + sam- (together, completely) + root krudh (to be angry) + -ta suffix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃkruddha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• saṃkruddha – enraged, angry
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix sam- (together, completely) + root krudh (to be angry) + -ta suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tau'.

चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they two fought (lit. made battle) (they two made, they two did)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect 3rd person dual active voice

Reduplicated perfect form of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'tau'.

सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - very fiercely (very much, exceedingly, severely)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of subhṛśa

subhṛśa - very much, exceedingly, severe

From su- (very) + bhṛśa (much, strong).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bhṛśa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bhṛśa – much, strong, intense, violent
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to modify the intensity of the battle.

रणम् (raṇam) - battle (battle, combat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

From root raṇ (to delight, to sound), but in compounds related to fighting.

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakratuḥ' (made battle = fought).