महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-20

दुःशासनस्तु नकुलं प्रत्युद्याय महारथम् ।
अविध्यन्निशितैर्बाणैर्बहुभिर्मर्मभेदिभिः ॥२०॥

20. duḥśāsanastu nakulaṁ pratyudyāya mahāratham ,
avidhyanniśitairbāṇairbahubhirmarmabhedibhiḥ.

20. duḥśāsanaḥ tu nakulam pratyudyāya mahāratham
avidhyat niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ bahubhiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ

20. tu duḥśāsanaḥ mahāratham nakulam pratyudyāya,
bahubhiḥ niśitaiḥ marmabhedibhiḥ bāṇaiḥ avidhyat.

20. Dushasana, however, having confronted the great warrior (mahāratha) Nakula, pierced him with many sharp, vitals-piercing arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Dushasana (name of a Kaurava prince)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula (name of a Pandava prince)

• प्रत्युद्याय (pratyudyāya) - having gone against, having advanced against, having confronted

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great warrior, a great charioteer

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp, sharpened, whetted

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many

• मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - with vitals-piercing, heart-piercing (arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Dushasana (name of a Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - difficult to rule or govern (Dushasana)

Prefix: dus

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the verb 'avidhyat'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Connective particle.

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula (name of a Pandava prince)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Mongoose (also a proper name, Nakula)

Note: Object of the verb 'avidhyat'.

प्रत्युद्याय (pratyudyāya) - having gone against, having advanced against, having confronted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `yā` with prefixes `prati` and `ud`, and suffix `ya`.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Absolutive, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great warrior, a great charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one fighting from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Nakula.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect Active

Root `vyadh` (to pierce). Imperfect (laṅ) active voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharp, sharpened, whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `śo` or `śā` (to sharpen) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo / śā (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of piercing.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, much

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

मर्मभेदिभिः (marmabhedibhiḥ) - with vitals-piercing, heart-piercing (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of marmabhedin

marmabhedin - piercing the vital parts, heart-piercing

Compound type : tatpurusha (marma+bhedin)

• marma – vital part, vulnerable spot, secret
  noun (neuter)
• bhedin – piercing, breaking, splitting
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `bhid` (to split, break) with suffix `in`.
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.