महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
पूर्वाह्णे तस्य रौद्रस्य युद्धमह्नो विशां पते ।
प्रावर्तत महाघोरं राज्ञां देहावकर्तनम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pūrvāhṇe tasya raudrasya yuddhamahno viśāṁ pate ,
prāvartata mahāghoraṁ rājñāṁ dehāvakartanam.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca | pūrvāhṇe tasya raudrasya yuddhamahnaḥ
viśām pate | prāvartata mahāghoram rājñām dehāvakartanam

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca viśām pate,
tasya raudrasya yuddhamahnaḥ pūrvāhṇe,
rājñām mahāghoram dehāvakartanam prāvartata.

1. Saṃjaya said: O Lord of the people (viśāṃ pate), in the forenoon of that dreadful day of battle, the exceedingly terrible slaughter of the kings' bodies began.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter of the battle (Saṃjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पूर्वाह्णे (pūrvāhṇe) - in the forenoon, in the early part of the day

• तस्य (tasya) - referring to the day (of that, his)

• रौद्रस्य (raudrasya) - of the fierce, of the dreadful, of the terrible

• युद्धमह्नः (yuddhamahnaḥ) - of the day of battle, of the battle-day

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O lord, O master)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, proceeded, commenced

• महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - exceedingly terrible, very dreadful

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, of rulers

• देहावकर्तनम् (dehāvakartanam) - slaughter of bodies, cutting down of bodies

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter of the battle (Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, conqueror; a proper name

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root √vac.

पूर्वाह्णे (pūrvāhṇe) - in the forenoon, in the early part of the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvāhṇa

pūrvāhṇa - forenoon, morning, first part of the day

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ahna)

• pūrva – former, prior, earlier, eastern
  adjective
• ahna – day
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - referring to the day (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine, feminine or neuter. Here masculine to agree with 'yuddhamahnaḥ'.

रौद्रस्य (raudrasya) - of the fierce, of the dreadful, of the terrible

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - fierce, terrible, dreadful, furious

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhamahnaḥ'.

युद्धमह्नः (yuddhamahnaḥ) - of the day of battle, of the battle-day

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuddhamahna

yuddhamahna - day of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+ahna)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• ahna – day
  noun (masculine)

Note: From 'yuddha' (battle) and 'ahna' (day).

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, mankind

Note: Plural genitive.

पते (pate) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, ruler

Note: Vocative singular of 'pati'.

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, proceeded, commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of pravart

Imperfect

3rd person singular Imperfect middle

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: From root √vṛt with prefix 'pra-'.

महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - exceedingly terrible, very dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, awful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'dehāvakartanam'.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

देहावकर्तनम् (dehāvakartanam) - slaughter of bodies, cutting down of bodies

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dehāvakartana

dehāvakartana - slaughter of bodies, mutilation of bodies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+avakartana)

• deha – body, form, physical frame
  noun (masculine)
• avakartana – cutting off, slaughter, mutilation
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Verbal noun from √kṛt (to cut) with prefix 'ava-'.