महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-15

सौभद्रस्तु ततः क्रुद्धः पातिते रथसारथौ ।
बृहद्बलं महाराज विव्याध नवभिः शरैः ॥१५॥

15. saubhadrastu tataḥ kruddhaḥ pātite rathasārathau ,
bṛhadbalaṁ mahārāja vivyādha navabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

15. saubhadraḥ tu tataḥ kruddhaḥ pātite rathasārathau
bṛhadbalam mahārāja vivyādha navabhiḥ śaraiḥ

15. mahārāja,
tataḥ rathasārathau pātite (sati) saubhadraḥ tu kruddhaḥ (san) navabhiḥ śaraiḥ bṛhadbalam vivyādha.

15. But then, O great king (mahārāja), Saubhadra (Abhimanyu), enraged after his charioteer had been struck down, pierced Brihadbala with nine arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu (Saubhadra)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• पातिते (pātite) - having been struck down (referring to the charioteer) (when fallen, having been struck down)

• रथसारथौ (rathasārathau) - Abhimanyu's charioteer (charioteer)

• बृहद्बलम् (bṛhadbalam) - Brihadbala

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu (Saubhadra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra (i.e., Abhimanyu)

Derived from Subhadrā (mother's name)

Note: Subject of 'vivyādha'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast or shift in narrative.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'saubhadraḥ'.

पातिते (pātite) - having been struck down (referring to the charioteer) (when fallen, having been struck down)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, struck down, felled

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative of √pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'rathasārathau'.

रथसारथौ (rathasārathau) - Abhimanyu's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathasārathi

rathasārathi - charioteer

Compound of ratha (chariot) + sārathi (charioteer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+sārathi)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'pātite'.

बृहद्बलम् (bṛhadbalam) - Brihadbala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bṛhadbala

bṛhadbala - Brihadbala (a king of Kosala)

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) + rājan (king)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener (Dhritarashtra).

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Singular

Reduplicated perfect of √vyadh (4th class)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Means by which Brihadbala was pierced.