महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-43, verse-8

स्वयं शांतनवो राजन्नभ्यधावद्धनंजयम् ।
प्रगृह्य कार्मुकं घोरं कालदण्डोपमं रणे ॥८॥

8. svayaṁ śāṁtanavo rājannabhyadhāvaddhanaṁjayam ,
pragṛhya kārmukaṁ ghoraṁ kāladaṇḍopamaṁ raṇe.

8. svayam śāntanavaḥ rājan abhyadhāvat dhanaṃjayam
pragṛhya kārmukam ghoram kāladaṇḍopamam raṇe

8. rājan śāntanavaḥ svayam pragṛhya ghoram
kāladaṇḍopamam kārmukam raṇe dhanaṃjayam abhyadhāvat

8. O King, Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, himself charged towards Arjuna (dhanaṃjaya) in battle, holding his dreadful bow which was like the staff of Death (kāladaṇḍa).

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by himself

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he charged towards, he rushed at

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, holding

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

• कालदण्डोपमम् (kāladaṇḍopamam) - resembling the staff of Death (Yama)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by himself

(indeclinable)

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma

a patronymic (aṇ suffix) from Śāntanu

Note: Subject of 'abhyadhāvat'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - he charged towards, he rushed at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhidhāv

imperfect active indicative

derived from abhi-√dhāv

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  from √ji
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhyadhāvat'.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, holding

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

derived from pra-√grah, ending in -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - made of wood of the kārmuka tree; a bow

derived from karmuka

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, fierce

Root: ghūr (class 1)

कालदण्डोपमम् (kāladaṇḍopamam) - resembling the staff of Death (Yama)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāladaṇḍopama

kāladaṇḍopama - like the staff of Yama (Death)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+daṇḍa+upama)

• kāla – time, Death (as a deity)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• daṇḍa – staff, rod, punishment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
• upama – similar, comparable, like
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

Note: Agrees with 'kārmukam'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.