महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-160, verse-51

तद्रूपधारिणं रुद्रं रौद्रकर्म चिकीर्षवः ।
निशम्य दानवाः सर्वे हृष्टाः समभिदुद्रुवुः ॥५१॥

51. tadrūpadhāriṇaṁ rudraṁ raudrakarma cikīrṣavaḥ ,
niśamya dānavāḥ sarve hṛṣṭāḥ samabhidudruvuḥ.

51. tat rūpadhāriṇam rudram raudrakarma cikīrṣavaḥ
niśamya dānavāḥ sarve hṛṣṭāḥ samabhidudruvuḥ

51. sarve dānavāḥ raudrakarma cikīrṣavaḥ tat
rūpadhāriṇam rudram niśamya hṛṣṭāḥ samabhidudruvuḥ

51. All the Dānavas, desiring to accomplish a dreadful deed, upon perceiving Rudra, who had assumed that form, became delighted and rushed towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, his

• रूपधारिणम् (rūpadhāriṇam) - who bears a form, who has assumed a form

• रुद्रम् (rudram) - Rudra

• रौद्रकर्म (raudrakarma) - a dreadful act, a fierce deed

• चिकीर्षवः (cikīrṣavaḥ) - desiring to do, wishing to accomplish

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having perceived, having heard, having noticed

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - the Dānavas (demons)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, glad, joyful

• समभिदुद्रुवुः (samabhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they ran together

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, his

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: First part of the compound 'tadrūpadhāriṇam'.

रूपधारिणम् (rūpadhāriṇam) - who bears a form, who has assumed a form

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rūpadhārin

rūpadhārin - assuming a form, bearing a shape

Agent Noun / Agentive adjective

'rūpa' (form) + 'dhārin' (bearer). 'dhārin' is from root dhṛ (to bear, hold).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rūpa+dhārin)

• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, possessing
  adjective
  Agentive adjective
  from root dhṛ with suffix ṇin
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifying 'rudram'. 'tat-rūpadhāriṇam' means "who has assumed that form".

रुद्रम् (rudram) - Rudra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Śiva)

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

रौद्रकर्म (raudrakarma) - a dreadful act, a fierce deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of raudrakarman

raudrakarman - fierce deed, dreadful action

'raudra' (fierce, dreadful) + 'karman' (deed, act)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (raudra+karman)

• raudra – fierce, terrible, dreadful, pertaining to Rudra
  adjective
  from Rudra
• karman – deed, act, action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'cikīrṣavaḥ' (implied 'kartum').

चिकीर्षवः (cikīrṣavaḥ) - desiring to do, wishing to accomplish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cikīrṣu

cikīrṣu - desiring to do, wishing to act, intending to accomplish

Desiderative Agentive

From desiderative stem of root kṛ (to do/make) with u suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having perceived, having heard, having noticed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śam (to observe, to be quiet) with prefix ni (down, in).

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - the Dānavas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - descendant of Danu, a class of demons

Note: Subject of 'samabhidudruvuḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Modifying 'dānavāḥ'.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, glad, joyful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, happy, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ (to be excited, to be glad).

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Denotes the state of the Dānavas.

समभिदुद्रुवुः (samabhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they ran together

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of samabhidru

Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of root dru (to run) with prefixes sam, abhi.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dru (class 1)