महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-160, verse-40

पेतुरुल्का महोत्पाताः शाखाश्च मुमुचुर्द्रुमाः ।
अप्रसन्ना दिशः सर्वाः पवनश्चाशिवो ववौ ।
मुहुर्मुहुश्च भूतानि प्राव्यथन्त भयात्तथा ॥४०॥

40. peturulkā mahotpātāḥ śākhāśca mumucurdrumāḥ ,
aprasannā diśaḥ sarvāḥ pavanaścāśivo vavau ,
muhurmuhuśca bhūtāni prāvyathanta bhayāttathā.

40. petuḥ ulkā mahotpātāḥ śākhāḥ ca
mumucuḥ drumāḥ aprasannāḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ
pavanaḥ ca aśivaḥ vavau muhurmuhuḥ
ca bhūtāni prāvyathanta bhayāt tathā

40. ulkā mahotpātāḥ petuḥ drumāḥ ca śākhāḥ
mumucuḥ sarvāḥ diśaḥ aprasannāḥ
ca aśivaḥ pavanaḥ vavau muhurmuhuḥ
ca bhayāt tathā bhūtāni prāvyathanta

40. Meteors fell, great omens (of disaster) appeared, and trees shed their branches. All directions became unfavorable, and an inauspicious wind blew. And repeatedly, beings (bhūtāni) trembled with fear.

Words meanings summery:

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - meteors and omens fell (they fell)

• उल्का (ulkā) - meteor, firebrand

• महोत्पाताः (mahotpātāḥ) - great omens (of impending disaster) (great omens, great portents (of disaster))

• शाखाः (śākhāḥ) - branches

• च (ca) - and, also

• मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - trees shed their branches (they released, let go, shed)

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

• अप्रसन्नाः (aprasannāḥ) - unfavorable (describing directions) (displeased, unfavorable, unclear)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• पवनः (pavanaḥ) - the wind (wind, air)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अशिवः (aśivaḥ) - an inauspicious (wind) (inauspicious, unlucky, evil)

• ववौ (vavau) - the wind blew (it blew)

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

• च (ca) - and, also

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - living beings, creatures (on earth) (beings, creatures, elements)

• प्राव्यथन्त (prāvyathanta) - (creatures) trembled (with fear) (they trembled, were distressed, were terrified)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus

Words meanings and morphology

पेतुः (petuḥ) - meteors and omens fell (they fell)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect Active

From root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'ulkā' and 'mahotpātāḥ'.

उल्का (ulkā) - meteor, firebrand

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, firebrand, torch

Note: Subject of 'petuḥ'.

महोत्पाताः (mahotpātāḥ) - great omens (of impending disaster) (great omens, great portents (of disaster))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahotpāta

mahotpāta - great portent, great calamity, great unusual phenomenon

From 'mahā' (great) + 'utpāta' (omen, calamity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+utpāta)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• utpāta – calamity, portent, unusual event, evil omen
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ud' (up) + root 'pat' (to fall/fly).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'petuḥ'.

शाखाः (śākhāḥ) - branches

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śākhā

śākhā - branch, bough, arm

Note: Object of 'mumucuḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - trees shed their branches (they released, let go, shed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of muc

Perfect Active

From root 'muc' (to release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'drumāḥ'.

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

Note: Subject of 'mumucuḥ'.

अप्रसन्नाः (aprasannāḥ) - unfavorable (describing directions) (displeased, unfavorable, unclear)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aprasanna

aprasanna - displeased, unfavorable, unclear, not bright

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From 'a' (not) + 'pra' (forth) + root 'sad' (to sit, be clear).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prasanna)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
• prasanna – clear, bright, pleased, propitious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sad' with preverb 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'diśaḥ'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of implied verb "were" with 'aprasannāḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'diśaḥ'.

पवनः (pavanaḥ) - the wind (wind, air)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier

From root 'pū' (to purify, blow).

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vavau'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses.

अशिवः (aśivaḥ) - an inauspicious (wind) (inauspicious, unlucky, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unlucky, evil, ungracious

From 'a' (not) + 'śiva' (auspicious).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
• śiva – auspicious, propitious, benevolent
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'pavanaḥ'.

ववौ (vavau) - the wind blew (it blew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vā

Perfect Active

From root 'vā' (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Repetitive adverbial formation from 'muhuḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - living beings, creatures (on earth) (beings, creatures, elements)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past, born, become

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prāvyathanta'.

प्राव्यथन्त (prāvyathanta) - (creatures) trembled (with fear) (they trembled, were distressed, were terrified)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pra-vyath

Imperfect Middle

From root 'vyath' (to tremble) with preverb 'pra' (forth, intensely).

Prefix: pra

Root: vyath (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates cause.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus

(indeclinable)