महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-160, verse-46

चतुर्बाहुः स्पृशन्मूर्ध्ना भूस्थितोऽपि नभस्तलम् ।
ऊर्ध्वदृष्टिर्महालिङ्गो मुखाज्ज्वालाः समुत्सृजन् ।
विकुर्वन्बहुधा वर्णान्नीलपाण्डुरलोहितान् ॥४६॥

46. caturbāhuḥ spṛśanmūrdhnā bhūsthito'pi nabhastalam ,
ūrdhvadṛṣṭirmahāliṅgo mukhājjvālāḥ samutsṛjan ,
vikurvanbahudhā varṇānnīlapāṇḍuralohitān.

46. caturbāhuḥ spṛśan mūrdhnā bhūsthitaḥ
api nabhastalam ūrdhvadṛṣṭiḥ mahāliṅgaḥ
mukhāt jvālāḥ samutsṛjan vikurvan
bahudhā varṇān nīlapāṇḍuralohitān

46. caturbāhuḥ bhūsthitaḥ api mūrdhnā
nabhastalam spṛśan ūrdhvadṛṣṭiḥ mahāliṅgaḥ
mukhāt jvālāḥ samutsṛjan bahudhā
nīlapāṇḍuralohitān varṇān vikurvan

46. (He appeared) four-armed, touching the expanse of the sky with his head even while standing on the earth, with an upward gaze and a great liṅga, emitting flames from his mouth, and manifoldly changing his colors to blue, yellowish-white, and red.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्बाहुः (caturbāhuḥ) - four-armed

• स्पृशन् (spṛśan) - touching, feeling, perceiving

• मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with the head, by the head

• भूस्थितः (bhūsthitaḥ) - standing on the earth, situated on the ground

• अपि (api) - even though (implying a contrast) (also, even, although)

• नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - the sky, the firmament

• ऊर्ध्वदृष्टिः (ūrdhvadṛṣṭiḥ) - with an upward gaze, looking upwards

• महालिङ्गः (mahāliṅgaḥ) - Having a large and prominent symbolic phallus (liṅga), an emblem of Shiva. (with a great liṅga, having a prominent phallus)

• मुखात् (mukhāt) - from the mouth

• ज्वालाः (jvālāḥ) - flames, effulgence

• समुत्सृजन् (samutsṛjan) - emitting, releasing, casting forth

• विकुर्वन् (vikurvan) - changing, transforming, distorting

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

• वर्णान् (varṇān) - colors, castes, letters

• नीलपाण्डुरलोहितान् (nīlapāṇḍuralohitān) - blue, yellowish-white, and red

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्बाहुः (caturbāhuḥ) - four-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbāhu

caturbāhu - having four arms

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+bāhu)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Rudra).

स्पृशन् (spṛśan) - touching, feeling, perceiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spṛśat

spṛśat - touching, contacting

Present Active Participle

From root spṛś (to touch)

Root: spṛś (class 6)

मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, summit

Note: Instrument of touching.

भूस्थितः (bhūsthitaḥ) - standing on the earth, situated on the ground

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūsthita

bhūsthita - standing on the earth, terrestrial

Tatpurusha compound. Final part is a past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhū+sthita)

• bhū – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• sthita – standing, situated, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Rudra.

अपि (api) - even though (implying a contrast) (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

particle

नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - the sky, the firmament

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhastala

nabhastala - the surface of the sky, the firmament

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nabhas+tala)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, cloud
  noun (neuter)
• tala – surface, plane, ground, bottom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tal (class 10)

Note: Object of spṛśan.

ऊर्ध्वदृष्टिः (ūrdhvadṛṣṭiḥ) - with an upward gaze, looking upwards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvadṛṣṭi

ūrdhvadṛṣṭi - having an upward gaze

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ūrdhva+dṛṣṭi)

• ūrdhva – upward, elevated, high
  adjective
• dṛṣṭi – sight, gaze, vision
  noun (feminine)
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Rudra).

महालिङ्गः (mahāliṅgaḥ) - Having a large and prominent symbolic phallus (liṅga), an emblem of Shiva. (with a great liṅga, having a prominent phallus)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāliṅga

mahāliṅga - having a great liṅga/phallus

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+liṅga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of mahat used in compounds.
• liṅga – mark, sign, emblem, phallus (esp. Shiva's emblem)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lag (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Rudra).

मुखात् (mukhāt) - from the mouth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, front, principal part

Note: Source of emission.

ज्वालाः (jvālāḥ) - flames, effulgence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of jvālā

jvālā - flame, blaze, effulgence

From root jval (to blaze)

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Object of samutsṛjan.

समुत्सृजन् (samutsṛjan) - emitting, releasing, casting forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samutsṛjat

samutsṛjat - emitting, casting forth

Present Active Participle

From root sṛj (to create, emit) with prefixes sam and ut.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

विकुर्वन् (vikurvan) - changing, transforming, distorting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikurvat

vikurvat - changing, transforming, distorting

Present Active Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix dhā.

Note: Modifies vikurvan.

वर्णान् (varṇān) - colors, castes, letters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, tint, hue, caste, letter

From root vṛ (to cover, color)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of vikurvan.

नीलपाण्डुरलोहितान् (nīlapāṇḍuralohitān) - blue, yellowish-white, and red

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nīlapāṇḍuralohita

nīlapāṇḍuralohita - blue, yellowish-white, and red

Dvandva compound listing three colors.

Compound type : dvandva (nīla+pāṇḍura+lohita)

• nīla – blue, dark-blue, black
  adjective (masculine)
• pāṇḍura – yellowish-white, pale, white
  adjective (masculine)
• lohita – red, reddish
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with varṇān.