महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-160, verse-10

तत्त्वं शृणुष्व माद्रेय यदेतत्परिपृच्छसि ।
प्रबोधितोऽस्मि भवता धातुमानिव पर्वतः ॥१०॥

10. tattvaṁ śṛṇuṣva mādreya yadetatparipṛcchasi ,
prabodhito'smi bhavatā dhātumāniva parvataḥ.

10. tattvam śṛṇuṣva mādreya yat etat paripṛcchasi
prabodhitaḥ asmi bhavatā dhātumān iva parvataḥ

10. mādreya,
yat etat paripṛcchasi,
tattvam śṛṇuṣva.
bhavatā asmi prabodhitaḥ,
dhātumān parvataḥ iva

10. O son of Madri (Mādreya), listen to the true nature (tattva) of what you are asking. I have been awakened by you, just like a mountain that is rich in minerals.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The fundamental truth or nature of the topic being discussed. (truth, reality, essence, principle)

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen, hear

• माद्रेय (mādreya) - Addressing Nakula, one of the Pandavas, son of Madri. (O son of Madri)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the current subject of inquiry. (this)

• परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

• प्रबोधितः (prabodhitaḥ) - Mentally awakened or stimulated to speak. (awakened, enlightened, roused)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• भवता (bhavatā) - By Nakula. (by you (honorific))

• धातुमान् (dhātumān) - Referring to a mountain rich in ores or valuable substances. (possessing minerals/elements, rich in elements)

• इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

• पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain, hill

Words meanings and morphology

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The fundamental truth or nature of the topic being discussed. (truth, reality, essence, principle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, essence, principle, element

From 'tad' (that) + 'tva' (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuṣva'.

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of śru

Imperative (Loṭ)

2nd person singular, middle voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

माद्रेय (mādreya) - Addressing Nakula, one of the Pandavas, son of Madri. (O son of Madri)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādreya

mādreya - son of Madri

Patronymic from 'Madrī' (mother's name).

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Antecedent of 'etat paripṛcchasi'.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the current subject of inquiry. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies the unknown "this" that is being asked about.

परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of pra-pṛcch

Present Tense (Laṭ)

2nd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root form. With upasarga 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

प्रबोधितः (prabodhitaḥ) - Mentally awakened or stimulated to speak. (awakened, enlightened, roused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabodhita

prabodhita - awakened, enlightened, roused

Past Passive Participle

From root 'budh' (to awaken/know) with upasarga 'pra' + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject "I" (asmi).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present Tense (Laṭ)

1st person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

भवता (bhavatā) - By Nakula. (by you (honorific))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), being, existing

Originally present active participle of 'bhū' (to be). Used as a respectful second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

धातुमान् (dhātumān) - Referring to a mountain rich in ores or valuable substances. (possessing minerals/elements, rich in elements)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhātumant

dhātumant - possessing elements/minerals/ores

From 'dhātu' (element, mineral, ore) + 'matup' (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies 'parvataḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill