वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-70

तत्तस्य वाक्यं ब्रुवतो निशम्य सगर्वितं रोषविवृद्धदोषम् ।
महोदरो नैरृतयोधमुख्यः कृताञ्जलिर्वाक्यमिदं बभाषे ॥७०॥

70. tattasya vākyaṃ bruvato niśamya sagarvitaṃ roṣavivṛddhadoṣam ,
mahodaro nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ kṛtāñjalirvākyamidaṃ babhāṣe.

70. tat tasya vākyam bruvataḥ niśamya
sagarvitam roṣavivṛddhadoṣam
mahodaraḥ nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ
kṛtāñjaliḥ vākyam idam babhāṣe

70. niśamya tat tasya sagarvitam
roṣavivṛddhadoṣam bruvataḥ vākyam
mahodaraḥ nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ
kṛtāñjaliḥ idam vākyam babhāṣe

70. Having heard those words of his, spoken with pride and swelling with anger and arrogance, Mahodara, the chief of the rākṣasa (nairṛta) warriors, then spoke these words with folded hands (kṛtāñjali).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that)

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (Kumbhakarṇa) (his, of that)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of him (Kumbhakarṇa) who was speaking (of the speaking one, of him who was speaking)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• सगर्वितम् (sagarvitam) - full of pride (proud, arrogant, conceited)

• रोषविवृद्धदोषम् (roṣavivṛddhadoṣam) - swelling with anger and arrogance (whose faults/excesses are augmented by anger)

• महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - Mahodara (name of a rākṣasa)

• नैरृतयोधमुख्यः (nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ) - chief among the rākṣasa warriors (chief of the rākṣasa warriors)

• कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (having made an añjali (reverent gesture of folded hands))

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

• इदम् (idam) - these words (that follow) (this, this here)

• बभषे (babhaṣe) - he spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

तस्य (tasya) - of his (Kumbhakarṇa) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kumbhakarṇa.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, word

Note: Direct object of the absolutive 'niśamya'.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of him (Kumbhakarṇa) who was speaking (of the speaking one, of him who was speaking)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

present active participle

Present active participle of root brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tasya' (Kumbhakarṇa).

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from prefix ni- and root śam (to observe, hear) with suffix -ya

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'babhaṣe'.

सगर्वितम् (sagarvitam) - full of pride (proud, arrogant, conceited)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sagarvita

sagarvita - proud, arrogant, conceited

Derived from sa (with) and garvita (proud)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+garvita)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• garvita – proud, arrogant (past passive participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root garv (to be proud)
  Root: garv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

रोषविवृद्धदोषम् (roṣavivṛddhadoṣam) - swelling with anger and arrogance (whose faults/excesses are augmented by anger)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of roṣavivṛddhadoṣa

roṣavivṛddhadoṣa - whose faults are increased by anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (roṣa+vivṛddha+doṣa)

• roṣa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
• vivṛddha – increased, augmented, grown (past passive participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix vi- and root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• doṣa – fault, defect, error, evil, excess
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - Mahodara (name of a rākṣasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (name, literally 'great-bellied')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+udara)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the verb 'babhaṣe'.

नैरृतयोधमुख्यः (nairṛtayodhamukhyaḥ) - chief among the rākṣasa warriors (chief of the rākṣasa warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nairṛtayodhamukhya

nairṛtayodhamukhya - chief among rākṣasa warriors

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nairṛta+yodha+mukhya)

• nairṛta – rākṣasa, demon (descendant of Nirṛti)
  noun (masculine)
• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Mahodara.

कृताञ्जलिः (kṛtāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (having made an añjali (reverent gesture of folded hands))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtāñjali

kṛtāñjali - having joined hands in reverence, respectful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+añjali)

• kṛta – made, done (past passive participle)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• añjali – reverent gesture of folded hands
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Mahodara.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, word

Note: Direct object of 'babhaṣe'.

इदम् (idam) - these words (that follow) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Refers to the speech that Mahodara is about to utter.

बभषे (babhaṣe) - he spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of bhāṣ

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of root bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The subject is Mahodara.

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