वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-38

अश्वानुष्ट्रान् खरान्नागाञ्जघ्नुर्दण्डकशाङ्कुशैः ।
भेरीशङ्खमृदङ्गांश्च सर्वप्राणैरवादयन् ॥३८॥

38. aśvānuṣṭrān kharānnāgāñjaghnurdaṇḍakaśāṅkuśaiḥ ,
bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅgāṃśca sarvaprāṇairavādayan.

38. aśvān uṣṭrān kharān nāgān jaghnuḥ daṇḍakaśāṅkuśaiḥ
bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅgān ca sarvaprāṇaiḥ avādayan

38. daṇḍakaśāṅkuśaiḥ aśvān uṣṭrān kharān nāgān jaghnuḥ
ca sarvaprāṇaiḥ bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅgān avādayan

38. They struck horses, camels, donkeys, and elephants with sticks, whips, and goads. And with all their might, they played bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• उष्ट्रान् (uṣṭrān) - camels

• खरान् (kharān) - donkeys

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (as large animals used to cause disturbance) (elephants, serpents)

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they struck (to rouse) (they struck, they killed)

• दण्डकशाङ्कुशैः (daṇḍakaśāṅkuśaiḥ) - with sticks, whips, and goads (as instruments of striking) (with sticks, whips, and goads)

• भेरीशङ्खमृदङ्गान् (bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅgān) - bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas (as instruments being played) (bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas)

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वप्राणैः (sarvaprāṇaiḥ) - with all their might (with all vital breaths, with all strength)

• अवादयन् (avādayan) - they played (instruments) (they caused to be played, they played)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of 'jaghnuḥ'.

उष्ट्रान् (uṣṭrān) - camels

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uṣṭra

uṣṭra - camel

Note: Object of 'jaghnuḥ'.

खरान् (kharān) - donkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khara

khara - donkey, ass

Note: Object of 'jaghnuḥ'.

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (as large animals used to cause disturbance) (elephants, serpents)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain

Note: Object of 'jaghnuḥ'.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they struck (to rouse) (they struck, they killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect active

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd plural active of √han (class 2).

Root: han (class 2)

दण्डकशाङ्कुशैः (daṇḍakaśāṅkuśaiḥ) - with sticks, whips, and goads (as instruments of striking) (with sticks, whips, and goads)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of daṇḍakaśāṅkuśa

daṇḍakaśāṅkuśa - sticks, whips, and goads

Compound type : dvandva (daṇḍa+kaśā+aṅkuśa)

• daṇḍa – stick, rod, staff
  noun (masculine)
• kaśā – whip, lash
  noun (feminine)
• aṅkuśa – goad, elephant-hook
  noun (masculine)

भेरीशङ्खमृदङ्गान् (bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅgān) - bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas (as instruments being played) (bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅga

bherīśaṅkhamṛdaṅga - bherīs, conches, and mṛdaṅgas (types of instruments)

Compound type : dvandva (bherī+śaṅkha+mṛdaṅga)

• bherī – a kettledrum, war-drum
  noun (feminine)
• śaṅkha – conch, conch-shell (used as a wind instrument)
  noun (masculine)
• mṛdaṅga – a mṛdaṅga drum (a type of drum)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'avādayan'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सर्वप्राणैः (sarvaprāṇaiḥ) - with all their might (with all vital breaths, with all strength)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvaprāṇa

sarvaprāṇa - all vital airs/breaths, all strength/might

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+prāṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• prāṇa – breath, vital air, life, strength
  noun (masculine)
  From pra + √an (to breathe)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)

अवादयन् (avādayan) - they played (instruments) (they caused to be played, they played)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Causative imperfect active

Imperfect (laṅ) 3rd plural active of the causative stem (vādaya) of √vad (class 1).

Root: vad (class 1)

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