वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-19

कुम्भकर्णगुहां रम्यां सर्वगन्धप्रवाहिनीम् ।
प्रतिष्ठमानाः कृच्छ्रेण यत्नात् प्रविविशुर्गुहाम् ॥१९॥

19. kumbhakarṇaguhāṃ ramyāṃ sarvagandhapravāhinīm ,
pratiṣṭhamānāḥ kṛcchreṇa yatnāt praviviśurguhām.

19. kumbhakarṇaguhām ramyām sarvagandhapravāhinīm
pratiṣṭhamānāḥ kṛcchreṇa yatnāt praviviśuḥ guhām

19. pratiṣṭhamānāḥ kṛcchreṇa yatnāt ramyām
sarvagandhapravāhinīm kumbhakarṇaguhām guhām praviviśuḥ

19. With great difficulty and exertion, they entered the delightful cave of Kumbhakarna, which was filled with all sorts of fragrant breezes, and then proceeded further into the cave.

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भकर्णगुहाम् (kumbhakarṇaguhām) - the cave belonging to Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna's cave)

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful, pleasant (referring to the cave) (beautiful, delightful, charming)

• सर्वगन्धप्रवाहिनीम् (sarvagandhapravāhinīm) - emitting all kinds of fragrances (referring to the cave) (flowing with all fragrances)

• प्रतिष्ठमानाः (pratiṣṭhamānāḥ) - those who were advancing (the monkeys/soldiers) (standing, advancing, proceeding)

• कृच्छ्रेण (kṛcchreṇa) - with great difficulty (with difficulty, with trouble, painfully)

• यत्नात् (yatnāt) - with deliberate exertion, carefully (from effort, by exertion, carefully)

• प्रविविशुः (praviviśuḥ) - they entered (the cave) (they entered)

• गुहाम् (guhām) - the cave (cave, cavern)

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भकर्णगुहाम् (kumbhakarṇaguhām) - the cave belonging to Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna's cave)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kumbhakarṇaguhā

kumbhakarṇaguhā - Kumbhakarna's cave

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kumbhakarṇa+guhā)

• kumbhakarṇa – Kumbhakarna (name of a giant demon)
  proper noun (masculine)
• guhā – cave, cavern, hiding place
  noun (feminine)

रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful, pleasant (referring to the cave) (beautiful, delightful, charming)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root ram (to delight, to enjoy) + ṇyaT suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

सर्वगन्धप्रवाहिनीम् (sarvagandhapravāhinīm) - emitting all kinds of fragrances (referring to the cave) (flowing with all fragrances)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvagandhapravāhin

sarvagandhapravāhin - flowing with all fragrances, diffusing all kinds of scents

Compound adjective, pravāhin (flowing) preceded by sarvagandha (all fragrances)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+gandha+pravāhin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• gandha – smell, fragrance, scent
  noun (masculine)
• pravāhin – flowing, streaming, carrying along
  adjective
  Derived from pra- + √vah (to flow, to carry) + ṇini suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vah (class 1)

प्रतिष्ठमानाः (pratiṣṭhamānāḥ) - those who were advancing (the monkeys/soldiers) (standing, advancing, proceeding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratiṣṭhamāna

pratiṣṭhamāna - standing, abiding, advancing, proceeding

Present Middle Participle

Derived from prati- + √sthā (to stand) + śānac (middle participle suffix)

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subjects who entered the cave.

कृच्छ्रेण (kṛcchreṇa) - with great difficulty (with difficulty, with trouble, painfully)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, trouble, pain, hardship

यत्नात् (yatnāt) - with deliberate exertion, carefully (from effort, by exertion, carefully)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, striving, care

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here, similar to an instrumental.

प्रविविशुः (praviviśuḥ) - they entered (the cave) (they entered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of praviś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Reduplicated root √viś with pra- prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

गुहाम् (guhām) - the cave (cave, cavern)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern, hiding place

Note: Repetition of 'guhā' for clarity, specifying the object of the verb.

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