वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-37

यदा चैनं न शेकुस्ते प्रतिबोधयितुं तदा ।
ततो गुरुतरं यत्नं दारुणं समुपाक्रमन् ॥३७॥

37. yadā cainaṃ na śekuste pratibodhayituṃ tadā ,
tato gurutaraṃ yatnaṃ dāruṇaṃ samupākraman.

37. yadā ca enam na śekuḥ te pratibodhayitum tadā
tataḥ gurutarum yatnam dāruṇam samupākraman

37. yadā ca te enam pratibodhayitum na śekuḥ tadā
tataḥ gurutarum dāruṇam yatnam samupākraman

37. And when they were unable to awaken him, they then undertook an even greater and more formidable effort.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him (Kumbhakarṇa) (him, this (acc. sg.))

• न (na) - not

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able (they were able, they could)

• ते (te) - they (the Rākṣasas) (they)

• प्रतिबोधयितुम् (pratibodhayitum) - to awaken (him) (to awaken, to cause to know)

• तदा (tadā) - then (consequence) (then, at that time)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

• गुरुतरुम् (gurutarum) - greater (modifying effort) (heavier, more difficult, greater)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, formidable (modifying effort) (terrible, fierce, cruel)

• समुपाक्रमन् (samupākraman) - they undertook (an effort) (they undertook, they approached)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from relative pronoun yad.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एनम् (enam) - him (Kumbhakarṇa) (him, this (acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that (emphatic pronoun)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'pratibodhayitum'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able (they were able, they could)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

Perfect active

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd plural active of √śak (class 5).

Root: śak (class 5)

ते (te) - they (the Rākṣasas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'śekuḥ'.

प्रतिबोधयितुम् (pratibodhayitum) - to awaken (him) (to awaken, to cause to know)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive (tumun) of the causative stem (bodhaya) of √budh (class 1, 4, 9), with prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (consequence) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from demonstrative pronoun tad.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + tasil (ablative suffix)

गुरुतरुम् (gurutarum) - greater (modifying effort) (heavier, more difficult, greater)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gurūtara

gurūtara - heavier, greater, more important

Comparative degree of 'guru' (heavy, great) with suffix 'tarap'. Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Agrees with 'yatnam'.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

From √yat (to strive).

Root: yat (class 1)

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, formidable (modifying effort) (terrible, fierce, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, fierce, cruel, harsh

Derived from dāru (wood) or √dṝ (to tear).

Note: Agrees with 'yatnam'.

समुपाक्रमन् (samupākraman) - they undertook (an effort) (they undertook, they approached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kram

Imperfect active

Imperfect (laṅ) 3rd plural active of √kram (class 1, 4), with prefixes 'sam', 'upa', 'ā'. The 'a' of 'akraman' merges with the 'ā' of 'ā' to become 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: kram (class 1)

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