वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-10

स पराजितमात्मानं प्रहस्तं च निषूदितम् ।
ज्ञात्वा रक्षोबलं भीममादिदेश महाबलः ॥१०॥

10. sa parājitamātmānaṃ prahastaṃ ca niṣūditam ,
jñātvā rakṣobalaṃ bhīmamādideśa mahābalaḥ.

10. saḥ parājitam ātmānam prahastam ca niṣūditam
jñātvā rakṣobalam bhīmam ādideśa mahābalaḥ

10. Realizing himself defeated and Prahasta slain, the greatly powerful one commanded the formidable army of rakshasas.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Ravana (he)

• पराजितम् (parājitam) - defeated, conquered

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (oneself, soul, self)

• प्रहस्तम् (prahastam) - Prahasta (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and

• निषूदितम् (niṣūditam) - slain, killed

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, realizing

• रक्षोबलम् (rakṣobalam) - army of rakshasas/demons

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - formidable, terrible

• आदिदेश (ādideśa) - commanded, instructed

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - Refers to Ravana (greatly powerful, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Ravana (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of ādideśa.

पराजितम् (parājitam) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, overcome

Past Passive Participle

from parā-√ji + kta

Prefix: parā

Root: √ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ātmānam.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (oneself, soul, self)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Object of jñātvā in relation to parājitam.

प्रहस्तम् (prahastam) - Prahasta (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a Rakshasa general)

literally 'extended hand'

Note: Object of jñātvā in relation to niṣūditam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निषूदितम् (niṣūditam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣūdita

niṣūdita - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from ni-√sūd + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: √sūd (class 10)

Note: Agrees with prahastam.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, realizing

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

from √jñā + ktvā

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses prior action to ādideśa.

रक्षोबलम् (rakṣobalam) - army of rakshasas/demons

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣobala

rakṣobala - demon army, force of rakshasas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rakṣas+bala)

• rakṣas – demon, rakshasa
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, force, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of ādideśa.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - formidable, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, dreadful, fearful

from √bhī (to fear)

Root: √bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with rakṣobalam.

आदिदेश (ādideśa) - commanded, instructed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √diś

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, from ā-√diś

Prefix: ā

Root: √diś (class 6)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - Refers to Ravana (greatly powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, mighty, strong

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (the implied subject, Ravana).

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