वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-35

ततो ऽस्य पुरतो गाढं राक्षसा भीमविक्रमाः ।
मृदङ्गपणवान्भेरीः शङ्खकुम्भगणांस्तथा ।
दशराक्षससाहस्रं युगपत् पर्यवादयन् ॥३५॥

35. tato'sya purato gāḍhaṃ rākṣasā bhīmavikramāḥ ,
mṛdaṅgapaṇavānbherīḥ śaṅkhakumbhagaṇāṃstathā ,
daśarākṣasasāhasraṃ yugapat paryavādayan.

35. tataḥ asya purataḥ gāḍham rākṣasāḥ
bhīmavikramāḥ mṛdaṅgapaṇavān
bherīḥ śaṅkhakumbhagaṇān tathā
daśarākṣasasāhasram yugapat paryavādayan

35. tataḥ daśarākṣasasāhasram bhīmavikramāḥ
rākṣasāḥ asya purataḥ gāḍham
mṛdaṅgapaṇavān bherīḥ
śaṅkhakumbhagaṇān tathā yugapat paryavādayan

35. Then, ten thousand Rākṣasas of formidable might intensely and simultaneously played mṛdaṅgas, paṇavas, bherīs, and various groups of conches and pot-drums right in front of him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thereupon, from there)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (referring to Kumbhakarṇa) (his, of him, of this)

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front (of him) (in front, before, eastward)

• गाढम् (gāḍham) - intensely, loudly (referring to the playing) (intensely, deeply, firmly, loudly)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (a specific class of beings) (demons, Rākṣasas)

• भीमविक्रमाः (bhīmavikramāḥ) - of formidable might (describing the Rākṣasas) (of terrible prowess, of formidable might)

• मृदङ्गपणवान् (mṛdaṅgapaṇavān) - mṛdaṅgas and paṇavas (as instruments being played) (mṛdaṅgas and paṇavas (types of drums))

• भेरीः (bherīḥ) - bherīs (a type of kettledrum) (kettledrums)

• शङ्खकुम्भगणान् (śaṅkhakumbhagaṇān) - groups of conches and pot-drums (as instruments) (groups of conches and pots/pot-drums)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (so, thus, and, also)

• दशराक्षससाहस्रम् (daśarākṣasasāhasram) - ten thousand Rākṣasas (as the multitude performing the action) (ten thousand Rākṣasas)

• युगपत् (yugapat) - simultaneously (simultaneously, at once)

• पर्यवादयन् (paryavādayan) - they played (the instruments) (they caused to be played, they played)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + tasil (ablative suffix)

अस्य (asya) - of him (referring to Kumbhakarṇa) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front (of him) (in front, before, eastward)

(indeclinable)

Derived from purā (formerly) + tasil (ablative suffix)

गाढम् (gāḍham) - intensely, loudly (referring to the playing) (intensely, deeply, firmly, loudly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root √gāh (to plunge)

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying the action of playing.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - Rākṣasas (a specific class of beings) (demons, Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a Rākṣasa, demon

Derived from rakṣas (harm, injury) + a (suffix) or from root rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb paryavādayan.

भीमविक्रमाः (bhīmavikramāḥ) - of formidable might (describing the Rākṣasas) (of terrible prowess, of formidable might)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmavikrama

bhīmavikrama - of terrible prowess, of fearful might

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīma+vikrama)

• bhīma – terrible, fearful, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vikrama – prowess, courage, might, valor
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + √kram (to step)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with rākṣasāḥ.

मृदङ्गपणवान् (mṛdaṅgapaṇavān) - mṛdaṅgas and paṇavas (as instruments being played) (mṛdaṅgas and paṇavas (types of drums))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛdaṅgapaṇava

mṛdaṅgapaṇava - mṛdaṅga and paṇava (drums)

Compound type : dvandva (mṛdaṅga+paṇava)

• mṛdaṅga – a mṛdaṅga drum (a type of drum made of clay)
  noun (masculine)
• paṇava – a paṇava drum (a small drum or tabor)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb paryavādayan.

भेरीः (bherīḥ) - bherīs (a type of kettledrum) (kettledrums)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bherī

bherī - a kettledrum, war-drum

Note: Object of the verb paryavādayan.

शङ्खकुम्भगणान् (śaṅkhakumbhagaṇān) - groups of conches and pot-drums (as instruments) (groups of conches and pots/pot-drums)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaṅkhakumbhagaṇa

śaṅkhakumbhagaṇa - groups of conches and pots/pot-drums

Compound type : dvandva (śaṅkha+kumbha+gaṇa)

• śaṅkha – conch, conch-shell (used as a wind instrument)
  noun (masculine)
• kumbha – pot, pitcher, pot-drum (a type of percussion instrument)
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb paryavādayan.

तथा (tathā) - and also (so, thus, and, also)

(indeclinable)

दशराक्षससाहस्रम् (daśarākṣasasāhasram) - ten thousand Rākṣasas (as the multitude performing the action) (ten thousand Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśarākṣasasāhasra

daśarākṣasasāhasra - ten thousand Rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpurusha (daśan+rākṣasa+sāhasra)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• rākṣasa – a Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, pertaining to a thousand
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from sahasra (thousand)

Note: Collective noun functioning as the subject of a plural verb.

युगपत् (yugapat) - simultaneously (simultaneously, at once)

(indeclinable)

Derived from yuga (pair, age)

Note: Modifies the verb paryavādayan.

पर्यवादयन् (paryavādayan) - they played (the instruments) (they caused to be played, they played)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Causative imperfect active

Imperfect (laṅ) 3rd plural active of the causative stem (vādaya) of √vad (class 1), with prefixes 'pari' and 'ava'. The 'a' of 'ava' is lost due to sandhi with 'pari'.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vad (class 1)

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