वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-28

धूपं सुगन्धं ससृजुस्तुष्टुवुश्च परंतपम् ।
जलदा इव चोनेदुर्यातुधानाः सहस्रशः ॥२८॥

28. dhūpaṃ sugandhaṃ sasṛjustuṣṭuvuśca paraṃtapam ,
jaladā iva coneduryātudhānāḥ sahasraśaḥ.

28. dhūpam sugandham sasṛjuḥ tuṣṭuvuḥ ca paraṃtapam
jaladāḥ iva ca oneduḥ yātudhānāḥ sahasraśaḥ

28. They offered fragrant incense and praised the tormentor of foes. And the rākṣasas, in thousands, roared like thunderclouds.

Words meanings summery:

• धूपम् (dhūpam) - incense, smoke

• सुगन्धम् (sugandham) - fragrant, sweet-smelling

• ससृजुः (sasṛjuḥ) - they released, they emitted, they created

• तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they praised, they extolled

• च (ca) - and, also

• परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - Kumbhakarna, who is being roused from his sleep (the tormentor of foes, the subduer of enemies)

• जलदाः (jaladāḥ) - clouds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• च (ca) - and, also

• ओनेदुः (oneduḥ) - they roared, they thundered

• यातुधानाः (yātudhānāḥ) - rākṣasas, demons

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

Words meanings and morphology

धूपम् (dhūpam) - incense, smoke

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhūpa

dhūpa - incense, aromatic smoke, fumigation

From √dhūp (to fumigate, incense).

Root: dhūp (class 10)

Note: Object of `sasṛjuḥ`.

सुगन्धम् (sugandham) - fragrant, sweet-smelling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugandha

sugandha - fragrant, sweet-smelling, perfume

Compound: `su` (good) + `gandha` (smell).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+gandha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• gandha – smell, fragrance, perfume
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dhūpam`.

ससृजुः (sasṛjuḥ) - they released, they emitted, they created

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sṛj

perfect active third person plural

Perfect stem `sasṛj-`, suffix `uḥ` (3rd plural). Reduplicated form from √sṛj.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

तुष्टुवुः (tuṣṭuvuḥ) - they praised, they extolled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of stu

perfect active third person plural

Perfect stem `tuṣṭu-`, suffix `vuḥ` (3rd plural). Reduplicated form from √stu.

Root: stu (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - Kumbhakarna, who is being roused from his sleep (the tormentor of foes, the subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies (epithet)

Compound: `para` (enemy) + `tapa` (causing pain/heat). Agent noun from √tap with `para`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – causing pain, heating, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of `tuṣṭuvuḥ`.

जलदाः (jaladāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalada

jalada - cloud (lit. "giver of water")

Compound: `jala` (water) + `da` (giving).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (jala+da)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  suffix (agent noun) (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of `oneduḥ`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ओनेदुः (oneduḥ) - they roared, they thundered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of o-nad

perfect active third person plural

From prefix `o-` (possibly representing `ava-`) and root `√nad`. Perfect form.

Prefix: o

Root: nad (class 1)

यातुधानाः (yātudhānāḥ) - rākṣasas, demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yātudhāna

yātudhāna - rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit, night-prowler

Compound: `yātu` (magic, sorcery) + `dhāna` (holder, possessing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yātu+dhāna)

• yātu – going, motion, sorcery, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yā (class 2)
• dhāna – holding, placing, having, receptacle
  suffix (agent noun) (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from √dhā (to place, hold)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix `śas` from `sahasra` (thousand).

Note: Adverb.

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