वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-42

एवमप्यतिनिद्रस्तु यदा नैव प्रबुध्यत ।
शापस्य वशमापन्नस्ततः क्रुद्धा निशाचराः ॥४२॥

42. evamapyatinidrastu yadā naiva prabudhyata ,
śāpasya vaśamāpannastataḥ kruddhā niśācarāḥ.

42. evam api atinidraḥ tu yadā na eva prabudhyata
śāpasya vaśam āpannaḥ tataḥ kruddhāḥ niśācarāḥ

42. yadā evam api atinidraḥ tu na eva prabudhyata,
śāpasya vaśam āpannaḥ tataḥ niśācarāḥ kruddhāḥ

42. But when, even with all this, he, being in such deep sleep (literally: excessively sleepy), still did not awaken, having fallen under the power of a curse, then the night-demons (niśācarāḥ) became angry.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - even with all the previous efforts (thus, in this manner, even so)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• अतिनिद्रः (atinidraḥ) - excessively sleepy, in deep sleep

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

• प्रबुध्यत (prabudhyata) - he did not awaken

• शापस्य (śāpasya) - of the curse

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - angry, enraged

• निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-wanderers, demons, rākṣasas

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - even with all the previous efforts (thus, in this manner, even so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding efforts.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

अतिनिद्रः (atinidraḥ) - excessively sleepy, in deep sleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atinidra

atinidra - excessively sleepy, having excessive sleep

Bahuvrīhi compound of `ati` (excessive) + `nidrā` (sleep)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ati+nidrā)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive
  indeclinable (prefix)
• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective for the implied subject "he".

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

(indeclinable)

प्रबुध्यत (prabudhyata) - he did not awaken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (Laṅ) of pra-budh

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular Imperfect Middle (Ātmanepada), root `budh` with prefix `pra`

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: The middle voice implies "awakens himself".

शापस्य (śāpasya) - of the curse

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation, oath

Note: Dependent on `vaśam`.

वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, sway, submission

Root: vaś

Note: Object of `āpannaḥ`.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, gained, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

From root `āp` (to obtain, reach) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective, describing the subject.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root `krudh` (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective.

निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-wanderers, demons, rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa, ghost

Compound of `niśā` (night) + `cara` (wanderer)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, walker
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root `car` (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence "became angry".

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