वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-20

तां प्रविश्य गुहां रम्यां शुभां काञ्चनकुट्टिमाम् ।
ददृशुर्नैरृतव्याघ्रं शयानं भीमदर्शनम् ॥२०॥

20. tāṃ praviśya guhāṃ ramyāṃ śubhāṃ kāñcanakuṭṭimām ,
dadṛśurnairṛtavyāghraṃ śayānaṃ bhīmadarśanam.

20. tām praviśya guhām ramyām śubhām kāñcanakuṭṭimām
dadṛśuḥ nairṛtavyāghram śayānam bhīmadarśanam

20. tām ramyām śubhām kāñcanakuṭṭimām guhām praviśya
bhīmadarśanam śayānam nairṛtavyāghram dadṛśuḥ

20. Having entered that delightful, beautiful cave with its golden floor, they saw the formidable demon-hero (nairṛtavyāghra) lying there, terrifying to behold.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (cave) (that, her, it)

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - after entering (the cave) (having entered)

• गुहाम् (guhām) - the cave (cave, cavern)

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful (cave) (beautiful, delightful)

• शुभाम् (śubhām) - beautiful (cave) (auspicious, beautiful, bright, pure)

• काञ्चनकुट्टिमाम् (kāñcanakuṭṭimām) - whose floor was made of gold (referring to the cave) (having a golden floor)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they (the monkeys/soldiers) saw (they saw)

• नैरृतव्याघ्रम् (nairṛtavyāghram) - the fierce demon (Kumbhakarna) (demon-tiger, tiger among demons)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (asleep) (lying down, sleeping)

• भीमदर्शनम् (bhīmadarśanam) - whose sight was dreadful (referring to Kumbhakarna) (of terrible appearance, dreadful to see)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (cave) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, she, he

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - after entering (the cave) (having entered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from pra- + √viś (to enter) + lyap suffix for a preceding action.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

गुहाम् (guhām) - the cave (cave, cavern)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern, hiding place

रम्याम् (ramyām) - delightful (cave) (beautiful, delightful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root ram (to delight, to enjoy) + ṇyaT suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

शुभाम् (śubhām) - beautiful (cave) (auspicious, beautiful, bright, pure)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, pure, bright, propitious

काञ्चनकुट्टिमाम् (kāñcanakuṭṭimām) - whose floor was made of gold (referring to the cave) (having a golden floor)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāñcanakuṭṭima

kāñcanakuṭṭima - having a golden pavement/floor

Compound adjective, kāñcana (golden) + kuṭṭima (pavement/floor)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāñcana+kuṭṭima)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold
  adjective
• kuṭṭima – pavement, floor, ground
  noun (masculine)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they (the monkeys/soldiers) saw (they saw)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Reduplicated root √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नैरृतव्याघ्रम् (nairṛtavyāghram) - the fierce demon (Kumbhakarna) (demon-tiger, tiger among demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nairṛtavyāghra

nairṛtavyāghra - a tiger among demons, an eminent demon, formidable demon

Compound: nairṛta (demon) + vyāghra (tiger). Vyāghra used as a common honorific suffix meaning 'chief among', 'best among'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nairṛta+vyāghra)

• nairṛta – demon, inhabitant of the Nirṛti quarter, belonging to the goddess Nirṛti
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from Nirṛti + aṇ suffix
• vyāghra – tiger, chief, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kumbhakarna.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (asleep) (lying down, sleeping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, sleeping, reposing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from √śī (to lie, to sleep) + śānac (middle participle suffix)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Describes nairṛtavyāghram.

भीमदर्शनम् (bhīmadarśanam) - whose sight was dreadful (referring to Kumbhakarna) (of terrible appearance, dreadful to see)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmadarśana

bhīmadarśana - of terrible appearance, dreadful to behold, fearsome

Compound: bhīma (terrible) + darśana (appearance/sight)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+darśana)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• darśana – seeing, looking, appearance, sight, view
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √dṛś (to see) + lyuT suffix
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes nairṛtavyāghram.

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