वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-48, verse-16

ईदृशे व्यसने प्राप्ते यो न साह्याय कल्पते ।
ते तु तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा राक्षसेन्द्रस्य राक्षसाः ॥१६॥

16. īdṛśe vyasane prāpte yo na sāhyāya kalpate ,
te tu tadvacanaṃ śrutvā rākṣasendrasya rākṣasāḥ.

16. īdṛśe vyasane prāpte yaḥ na sāhyāya kalpate te
tu tat vacanam śrutvā rākṣasendrasya rākṣasāḥ

16. When such a calamity has occurred, he who is not capable of providing assistance... But those rākṣasas, having heard the words of the king of rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa)...

Words meanings summery:

• ईदृशे (īdṛśe) - in such, of such a kind

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has occurred (referring to the calamity) (having arrived, having occurred, obtained)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not, no

• साह्याय (sāhyāya) - for help, for assistance

• कल्पते (kalpate) - is able, is fit, occurs

• ते (te) - those, they

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• तत् (tat) - that, his

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• राक्षसेन्द्रस्य (rākṣasendrasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the rākṣasas (demons)

Words meanings and morphology

ईदृशे (īdṛśe) - in such, of such a kind

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of īdṛś

īdṛś - such, of this kind

Formed from idam + dṛś.

Root: dṛś

व्यसने (vyasane) - in calamity, in misfortune

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, addiction, distress

From root as (to throw) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it has occurred (referring to the calamity) (having arrived, having occurred, obtained)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, happened, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

साह्याय (sāhyāya) - for help, for assistance

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sāhya

sāhya - help, assistance, support

Gerundive

Derived from sah (to bear, help) with suffix -ya. Can also be a noun.

Root: sah (class 1)

कल्पते (kalpate) - is able, is fit, occurs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kḷp

Present tense

Root kḷp, present indicative, 3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: kḷp (class 1)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

तत् (tat) - that, his

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Before 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, command

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

राक्षसेन्द्रस्य (rākṣasendrasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - king of rākṣasas (demons)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king (also name of deity Indra)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, describing whose speech it was.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb in the next verse.

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