महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-92, verse-54

गदाविमथितैर्गात्रैर्मुसलैर्भिन्नमस्तकाः ।
गजवाजिरथक्षुण्णाः शेरते स्म नराः क्षितौ ॥५४॥

54. gadāvimathitairgātrairmusalairbhinnamastakāḥ ,
gajavājirathakṣuṇṇāḥ śerate sma narāḥ kṣitau.

54. gadāvimathitaiḥ gātraiḥ musalaiḥ bhinnamastakāḥ
gajavājirathakṣuṇṇāḥ śerate sma narāḥ kṣitau

54. narāḥ gadāvimathitaiḥ gātraiḥ musalaiḥ bhinnamastakāḥ
gajavājirathakṣuṇṇāḥ kṣitau śerate sma

54. Men lay on the ground, their bodies mangled by maces, their heads shattered by clubs, and crushed by elephants, horses, and chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• गदाविमथितैः (gadāvimathitaiḥ) - crushed by maces, mangled by maces

• गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - with bodies, by limbs

• मुसलैः (musalaiḥ) - by clubs, by pestles

• भिन्नमस्तकाः (bhinnamastakāḥ) - with shattered heads, having broken heads

• गजवाजिरथक्षुण्णाः (gajavājirathakṣuṇṇāḥ) - crushed by elephants, horses, and chariots

• शेरते (śerate) - lie down, rest

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present verb

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, human beings

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

गदाविमथितैः (gadāvimathitaiḥ) - crushed by maces, mangled by maces

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gadāvimathita

gadāvimathita - crushed or mangled by maces

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (gadā+vimathita)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• vimathita – crushed, churned, mangled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  prefix vi- + root math + suffix -ita
  Prefix: vi
  Root: math (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gātraiḥ' or 'narāḥ'.

गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - with bodies, by limbs

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - body, limb, organ

Note: Instrumental case, indicating a characteristic of the bodies.

मुसलैः (musalaiḥ) - by clubs, by pestles

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of musala

musala - club, pestle, mace

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the agent of shattering.

भिन्नमस्तकाः (bhinnamastakāḥ) - with shattered heads, having broken heads

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhinnamastaka

bhinnamastaka - having a broken head

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+mastaka)

• bhinna – broken, shattered, pierced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root bhid + suffix -na
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• mastaka – head, skull
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'narāḥ'.

गजवाजिरथक्षुण्णाः (gajavājirathakṣuṇṇāḥ) - crushed by elephants, horses, and chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajavājirathakṣuṇṇa

gajavājirathakṣuṇṇa - crushed by elephants, horses, and chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+vāji+ratha+kṣuṇṇa)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vāji – horse, swift one
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• kṣuṇṇa – crushed, trampled, bruised
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root kṣud + suffix -na
  Root: kṣud (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'narāḥ'.

शेरते (śerate) - lie down, rest

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śī

Present, Ātmanepada

root śī, 3rd person, plural, present tense

Root: śī (class 2)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present verb

(indeclinable)

Note: Converts the present tense verb 'śerate' into a past tense meaning, 'lay'.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human, person

Root: nṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'śerate sma'.

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling, abode

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates the place where the men were lying.

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