महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-92, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
पुत्रं तु निहतं श्रुत्वा इरावन्तं धनंजयः ।
दुःखेन महताविष्टो निःश्वसन्पन्नगो यथा ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
putraṁ tu nihataṁ śrutvā irāvantaṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭo niḥśvasanpannago yathā.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca putram tu nihataṃ śrutvā irāvantam
dhanañjayaḥ duḥkhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ niḥśvasan pannagaḥ yathā

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca dhanañjayaḥ putram irāvantam nihataṃ
śrutvā mahatā duḥkhena āviṣṭaḥ pannagaḥ yathā niḥśvasan

1. Sañjaya said: When Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) heard that his son Irāvat was killed, he was overcome by great sorrow, sighing like a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son, child

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)

• निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed, slain, struck down

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• इरावन्तम् (irāvantam) - Irāvat

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

• महता (mahatā) - great, immense, mighty

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome (by sorrow) (overcome, pervaded, entered, possessed)

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

• पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

• यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, just as)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son, child

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

इरावन्तम् (irāvantam) - Irāvat

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of irāvant

irāvant - Irāvat (name of Arjuna's son, born of a nāgī)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery, discomfort

महता (mahatā) - great, immense, mighty

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhena' (neuter, instrumental singular).

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome (by sorrow) (overcome, pervaded, entered, possessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, possessed, overcome, seized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing out, exhaling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śvas (to breathe) with prefix niḥ-

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'moving on the belly')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, gone, moved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root pad (to go, fall)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt affix
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, just as)

(indeclinable)