महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-92, verse-38

विरथो वध्यमानः स सौभद्रेण यशस्विना ।
अवप्लुत्य रथात्तूर्णं सव्रीडो मनुजाधिपः ॥३८॥

38. viratho vadhyamānaḥ sa saubhadreṇa yaśasvinā ,
avaplutya rathāttūrṇaṁ savrīḍo manujādhipaḥ.

38. virathaḥ vadhyamānaḥ saḥ saubhadreṇa yaśasvinā
avaplutya rathāt tūrṇam savrīḍaḥ manujādhipaḥ

38. saḥ manujādhipaḥ virathaḥ yaśasvinā saubhadreṇa
vadhyamānaḥ tūrṇam rathāt avaplutya savrīḍaḥ

38. Being rendered chariot-less and struck by the glorious son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu), that king (Ambaṣṭha), quickly and with embarrassment, jumped down from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded

• सः (saḥ) - referring to King Ambaṣṭha (he, that)

• सौभद्रेण (saubhadreṇa) - by Abhimanyu (by the son of Subhadrā)

• यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious Abhimanyu (by the glorious one, by the famous one)

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• सव्रीडः (savrīḍaḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

• मनुजाधिपः (manujādhipaḥ) - referring to King Ambaṣṭha (lord of men, king)

Words meanings and morphology

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - deprived of a chariot, chariot-less

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being struck, being wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being wounded

Present Passive Participle

derived from root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - referring to King Ambaṣṭha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सौभद्रेण (saubhadreṇa) - by Abhimanyu (by the son of Subhadrā)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (i.e., Abhimanyu)

patronymic from Subhadrā

यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious Abhimanyu (by the glorious one, by the famous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, celebrated, renowned

derived from yaśas (fame, glory) + -vin suffix

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

derived from root plu (to float, jump) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of neuter singular of tūrṇa (Past Passive Participle of tvar)

Root: tvar (class 1)

सव्रीडः (savrīḍaḥ) - ashamed, embarrassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savrīḍa

savrīḍa - ashamed, embarrassed, shy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+vrīḍa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating 'with'
• vrīḍa – shame, modesty, embarrassment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

मनुजाधिपः (manujādhipaḥ) - referring to King Ambaṣṭha (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manujādhipa

manujādhipa - lord of men, king, sovereign

Compound type : tatpurusha (manuja+adhipa)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  born from Manu
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

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