महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-92, verse-43

तत्राक्रन्दो महानासीत्तव तेषां च भारत ।
निघ्नतां भृशमन्योन्यं कुर्वतां कर्म दुष्करम् ॥४३॥

43. tatrākrando mahānāsīttava teṣāṁ ca bhārata ,
nighnatāṁ bhṛśamanyonyaṁ kurvatāṁ karma duṣkaram.

43. tatra ākrandaḥ mahān āsīt tava teṣām ca bhārata
nighnatām bhṛśam anyonyam kurvatām karma duṣkaram

43. bhārata tatra tava teṣām ca mahān ākrandaḥ āsīt
bhṛśam anyonyam nighnatām duṣkaram karma kurvatām

43. O Bhārata, a great clamor arose there among your forces and theirs, as they fiercely struck each other, performing an exceedingly difficult deed (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battle) (there, in that place)

• आक्रन्दः (ākrandaḥ) - a great clamor (cry, shout, lamentation, battle-cry)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - arose, was (was, existed)

• तव (tava) - of your (Kaurava) men (your)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of their (Pandava) men (of them, their)

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata)

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those fiercely striking (of those striking/killing)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - fiercely (greatly, fiercely, vehemently)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those performing (of those doing, performing)

• कर्म (karma) - deed (karma) (action, deed, work (karma))

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (deed) (difficult to do, arduous)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the battle) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place, derived from pronominal stem 'tad'.

आक्रन्दः (ākrandaḥ) - a great clamor (cry, shout, lamentation, battle-cry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākranda

ākranda - cry, shout, lamentation, battle-cry, great noise

From 'ā-√krand' (to cry out).

Prefix: ā

Root: krand (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive, important

Irregular declension.

आसीत् (āsīt) - arose, was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect, Parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

तव (tava) - of your (Kaurava) men (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular form of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Connects to 'nighnatām' and 'kurvatām'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of their (Pandava) men (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that (pronoun)

Genitive plural form of 'tad'.

Note: Connects to 'nighnatām' and 'kurvatām'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'tava' and 'teṣām'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Derived from 'bharata'.

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those fiercely striking (of those striking/killing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing, slaying

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from 'ni-√han' (to strike, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied 'men' of 'tava' and 'teṣām'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - fiercely (greatly, fiercely, vehemently)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular of adjective 'bhṛśa'.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual, reciprocal

Compound of 'anya' and 'anya'.

कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those performing (of those doing, performing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from '√kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies the implied 'men' of 'tava' and 'teṣām'.

कर्म (karma) - deed (karma) (action, deed, work (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From '√kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (deed) (difficult to do, arduous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, hard, impossible

Compound, literally "badly done" or "hard to do". From 'dus-' (bad, difficult) and 'kara' (doing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty, badness.
• kara – doer, making, causing
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

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