वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-81

मकरैर्नागभोगैश्च विगाढा वातलोहिताः ।
उत्पेतुश्च निपेतुश्च प्रवृद्धा जलराशयः ॥८१॥

81. makarairnāgabhogaiśca vigāḍhā vātalohitāḥ ,
utpetuśca nipetuśca pravṛddhā jalarāśayaḥ.

81. pravṛddhāḥ jalarāśayaḥ vātalohitāḥ makaraiḥ
nāgabhogaiḥ ca vigāḍhāḥ utpetuḥ ca nipetuḥ ca

81. pravṛddhāḥ jalarāśayaḥ vātalohitāḥ makaraiḥ
nāgabhogaiḥ ca vigāḍhāḥ utpetuḥ ca nipetuḥ ca

81. The turbulent masses of water, reddened by the wind, and agitated by makaras and the bodies of serpents (nāgas), rose up and then fell down.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रवृद्धाः (pravṛddhāḥ) - turbulent (describing water masses) (swollen, increased, turbulent)

• जलराशयः (jalarāśayaḥ) - waves, turbulent water (masses of water, waves, ocean)

• वातलोहिताः (vātalohitāḥ) - reddish from the wind, reddened by wind

• मकरैः (makaraiḥ) - by makaras (mythical sea creatures, crocodiles, sharks)

• नागभोगैः (nāgabhogaiḥ) - by the bodies of serpents (nāgas) (by the bodies/hoods of serpents)

• च (ca) - and

• विगाढाः (vigāḍhāḥ) - agitated by (makaras and nāgabhogas) (plunged into, entered, agitated by)

• उत्पेतुः (utpetuḥ) - (the waves) rose up (they rose up, they sprang up)

• च (ca) - and

• निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - (the waves) fell down (they fell down)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

प्रवृद्धाः (pravṛddhāḥ) - turbulent (describing water masses) (swollen, increased, turbulent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - swollen, increased, grown

Past Passive Participle

from vṛdh (to grow) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jalarāśayaḥ'.

जलराशयः (jalarāśayaḥ) - waves, turbulent water (masses of water, waves, ocean)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalarāśi

jalarāśi - mass of water, ocean

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+rāśi)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• rāśi – heap, mass, quantity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verbs 'utpetuḥ' and 'nipetuḥ'.

वातलोहिताः (vātalohitāḥ) - reddish from the wind, reddened by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātalohita

vātalohita - reddish from the wind, reddened by wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+lohita)

• vāta – wind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• lohita – red, reddish, blood-red
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jalarāśayaḥ'.

मकरैः (makaraiḥ) - by makaras (mythical sea creatures, crocodiles, sharks)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of makara

makara - makara (a mythical sea creature, often associated with crocodiles, sharks, or dolphins)

Note: Agent of 'vigāḍhāḥ'.

नागभोगैः (nāgabhogaiḥ) - by the bodies of serpents (nāgas) (by the bodies/hoods of serpents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāgabhoga

nāgabhoga - serpent's body/hood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+bhoga)

• nāga – serpent
  noun (masculine)
• bhoga – body, hood (of a snake), enjoyment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agent of 'vigāḍhāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'makaraiḥ' and 'nāgabhogaiḥ'.

विगाढाः (vigāḍhāḥ) - agitated by (makaras and nāgabhogas) (plunged into, entered, agitated by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigāḍha

vigāḍha - plunged into, entered, pervaded

Past Passive Participle

from gāh (to plunge) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jalarāśayaḥ'.

उत्पेतुः (utpetuḥ) - (the waves) rose up (they rose up, they sprang up)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of utpat

from pat (to fall) with prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'jalarāśayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'utpetuḥ' with 'nipetuḥ'.

निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - (the waves) fell down (they fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of nipat

from pat (to fall) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'jalarāśayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'utpetuḥ' and 'nipetuḥ' in a pair.