वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-78

चण्डनक्रग्रहं घोरं क्षपादौ दिवसक्षये ।
चन्द्रोदये समाधूतं प्रतिचन्द्रसमाकुलम् ॥७८॥

78. caṇḍanakragrahaṃ ghoraṃ kṣapādau divasakṣaye ,
candrodaye samādhūtaṃ praticandrasamākulam.

78. caṇḍanakragraham ghoram kṣapā ādau divasakṣaye
candra udaye samādhūtam praticandrasamākulam

78. ghoram caṇḍanakragraham divasakṣaye kṣapā ādau
candra udaye samādhūtam praticandrasamākulam

78. It was a dreadful place, where fierce crocodiles and aquatic monsters preyed, agitated at the beginning of the night, at the close of day, and at moonrise, becoming confused by the many reflections of the moon.

Words meanings summery:

• चण्डनक्रग्रहम् (caṇḍanakragraham) - a place with fierce crocodiles and aquatic monsters

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• क्षपा (kṣapā) - night

• आदौ (ādau) - at the beginning, first

• दिवसक्षये (divasakṣaye) - at the end of the day, at day's close

• चन्द्र (candra) - moon

• उदये (udaye) - at rising, at dawn

• समाधूतम् (samādhūtam) - greatly agitated, thoroughly shaken

• प्रतिचन्द्रसमाकुलम् (praticandrasamākulam) - confused by reflected moons

Words meanings and morphology

चण्डनक्रग्रहम् (caṇḍanakragraham) - a place with fierce crocodiles and aquatic monsters

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caṇḍanakragraha

caṇḍanakragraha - fierce crocodile and aquatic monster

Compound type : karmadhāraya (caṇḍa+nakra+graha)

• caṇḍa – fierce, violent
  adjective (masculine)
• nakra – crocodile
  noun (masculine)
• graha – seizing, an aquatic monster (like a shark), a planet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with an implied 'place' or 'ocean'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with an implied 'place' or 'ocean'.

क्षपा (kṣapā) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣapā

kṣapā - night

Note: Base form for 'kṣapādau', functioning as the first part of a locative compound 'kṣapā ādau'.

आदौ (ādau) - at the beginning, first

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, origin

Note: Forms the compound 'kṣapādau' meaning 'at the beginning of the night'.

दिवसक्षये (divasakṣaye) - at the end of the day, at day's close

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasakṣaya

divasakṣaya - end of the day

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divasa+kṣaya)

• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – end, destruction, waste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

चन्द्र (candra) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon

Note: Base form for 'candrodaye', functioning as the first part of a locative compound 'candra udaye'.

उदये (udaye) - at rising, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of udaya

udaya - rising, ascent, dawn

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Forms the compound 'candrodaye' meaning 'at moonrise'.

समाधूतम् (samādhūtam) - greatly agitated, thoroughly shaken

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samādhūta

samādhūta - greatly agitated, thoroughly shaken

Past Passive Participle

from dhū (to shake) with prefix sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with an implied 'place' or 'ocean'.

प्रतिचन्द्रसमाकुलम् (praticandrasamākulam) - confused by reflected moons

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praticandrasamākula

praticandrasamākula - confused by reflected moons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (praticandra+samākula)

• praticandra – reflected moon, moon's reflection
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: prati
• samākula – confused, bewildered, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kul with prefix sam-ā
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with an implied 'place' or 'ocean'.