वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-4, verse-19

ते वानरगणाः सर्वे समुत्पत्य युयुत्सवः ।
गुहाभ्यः शिखरेभ्यश्च आशु पुप्लुविरे तदा ॥१९॥

19. te vānaragaṇāḥ sarve samutpatya yuyutsavaḥ ,
guhābhyaḥ śikharebhyaśca āśu pupluvire tadā.

19. te vānaragaṇāḥ sarve samutpatya yuyutsavaḥ
guhābhyaḥ śikharebhyaḥ ca āśu pupluvire tadā

19. tadā te sarve vānaragaṇāḥ yuyutsavaḥ guhābhyaḥ
śikharebhyaḥ ca samutpatya āśu pupluvire

19. Then, all those hosts of monkeys, eager to fight, quickly sprang forth, leaping up from caves and mountain peaks.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• वानरगणाः (vānaragaṇāḥ) - groups of monkeys, hosts of monkeys

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

• समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having jumped up, having sprung forth

• युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting, eager to fight

• गुहाभ्यः (guhābhyaḥ) - from caves

• शिखरेभ्यः (śikharebhyaḥ) - from peaks, from mountain tops

• च (ca) - and

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• पुप्लुविरे (pupluvire) - they jumped, they sprang

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

वानरगणाः (vānaragaṇāḥ) - groups of monkeys, hosts of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānaragaṇa

vānaragaṇa - troop of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+gaṇa)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, troop, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'pupluvire'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies 'vānaragaṇāḥ'.

समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having jumped up, having sprung forth

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pat (class 1)

युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting, eager to fight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting, belligerent

Desiderative nominal derivative

From desiderative root 'yudh' with -u suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vānaragaṇāḥ'.

गुहाभ्यः (guhābhyaḥ) - from caves

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Indicates origin/source.

शिखरेभ्यः (śikharebhyaḥ) - from peaks, from mountain tops

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of śikhara

śikhara - peak, summit, mountain top

Note: Indicates origin/source.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'guhābhyaḥ' and 'śikharebhyaḥ'.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage

Note: Modifies 'pupluvire'.

पुप्लुविरे (pupluvire) - they jumped, they sprang

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (Lit) of plu

Perfect tense

Formed with reduplication; 3rd plural middle voice ending

Root: plu (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + -dā suffix

Note: Temporal adverb.